Download Free Medical Utero-Vaginal Prolapse PowerPoint Presentation

Utero-Vaginal Prolapse PowerPoint Presentation

DOWNLOAD MEDICAL POWERPOINT PRESENTATION

About This Presentation

Description : Check out this medical presentation on Obstetrics & Gynecology, which is titled "Utero-Vaginal Prolapse", to know about Utero-Vaginal Prolapse.

Tags : Obstetrics, Gynecology, Utero-Vaginal Prolapse

Published on : Jul 18, 2021 | Views : 4515 | Downloads : 17

Shareable Url :

Embed Code :

Comment

Transcript

Slide 1-

Utero-Vaginal Prolapse
Slide 2-

Background The pelvis encloses organs that primarily function in storage, distension and evacuation. The pelvic viscera must maintain their normal anatomic relationships within this cavity so that these physiological functions can be sustained.
Slide 3-

Background The uterus is normally anteverted, anteflexed Version: is the angle between the longitudinal axis of cervix, and that of the vagina Flexion: is the angle between the longitudinal axis of the uterus, and that of the cervix
Slide 4-

Genital Prolapse Genital prolapse is the descent of one or more of the genital organ (urethra, bladder, uterus, rectum or Pouch of Douglas or rectouterine pouch) through the fasciomuscular pelvic floor below their normal level Vaginal prolapse can occur without uterine prolapse but the uterus cannot descend without carrying the vagina with it.
Slide 5-

ppt slide no 5 content not found
Slide 6-

Supports of the uterus DeLancey in 1994 defined three levels of vaginal support, reviving the importance of the connective tissue structures and giving a working basis for the present day understanding of the anatomy and surgical treatment.
Slide 7-

ppt slide no 7 content not found
Slide 8-

Three level of Supports of Uterus Level I: The cardinal uterosacral ligament complex Level II: The pubo- cervical and recto-vaginal fascia Level III: The pubo-urethral ligaments anteriorly & the perineal body posteriorly
Slide 9-

Anterior vaginal wall prolapse Prolapse of the upper part of the anterior vaginal wall with the base of the bladder is called cystocele Prolapse of the lower part of the anterior vaginal wall with the urethra is called urethrocele. Complete anterior vaginal wall prolapse is called cysto-urethrocele.
Slide 10-

Anterior vaginal wall prolapse Weakness in the Supports of the bladder neck Urethero vesical junction Proximal urethra Caused by Weakness of pubocervical fascia and pubourethral ligaments
Slide 11-

ppt slide no 11 content not found
Slide 12-

Middle compartment defect Enterocele and eversion of vagina Enterocele (Herniation of POD)
Slide 13-

Posterior compartment defect Rectocele Perineal body descent
Slide 14-

ppt slide no 14 content not found
Slide 15-

Uterine descent Utero-vaginal (the uterus descends first followed by the vagina): This usually occurs in cases of virginal and nulliparous prolapse due to congenital weakness of the cervical ligaments. Vagino-uterine (the vagina descends first followed by the uterus):This usually occurs in cases of prolapse resulting from obstetric trauma.
Slide 16-

Degree of uterine descent 1st degree: The cervix desends below its normal Ievel on straining but does not protrude from the vulva (The extemal os of the cervix is at the level of the ischial spines) 2nd degree: The cervix reaches upto the vulva on straining 3rd degree: The cervix protrudes from the vulva on straining Procidentia- whole of the uterus is prolapsed outside the vulva and the vaginal wall becomes most completely inverted over it. Enterocele is usually present
Slide 17-

ppt slide no 17 content not found
Slide 18-

ppt slide no 18 content not found
Slide 19-

Vault prolapse Descent of the vaginal vault, where the top of the vagina descends )or inversion of the vagina) after hysterectomy
Slide 20-

ppt slide no 20 content not found
Slide 21-

Pelvic organ prolapse quantitative (POPQ) exam In 1996, by the ICS POPQ system describes the location and severity of prolapse using segments of the vaginal wall and external genitalia, rather than the terms cystocele, rectocele, and enterocele
Slide 22-

Aetiology Erect posture causes increased stress on muscles, nerves and connective tissue Acute and chronic trauma of vaginal delivery Aging Estrogen deprivation Intrinsic collagen abnormalities Debilitation Iatrogenic
Slide 23-

Precipitating factors ↑ intra abdominal pressure ↑ weight of the uterus Traction of the uterus by vaginal prolapse or by a large cervical polyp Obesity(40%--75%) Smoking Pulmonary disease (chronic coughing) Constipation (chronic straining) Recreational or occupational activities (frequent or heavy lifting)
Slide 24-

Symptoms of Prolapse Pelvic floor disorders become symptomatic through either of two mechanisms: 1. Mechanical difficulties produced by the actual prolapse, 2. Bladder or bowel dysfunction, disrupting either storage or emptying.
Slide 25-

Clinical presentation Before actual prolapse. the patient feels a sensation of weakness in the perineum. particularly towards the end of the day Later the patient notices a mass which appears on straining. and disappears when she lies down Urinary symptoms are common and trouble some even with slight prolapse: a) Urgency and frequency by day b) Stress incontinence c) Inability to micturate unless the anterior vaginal wall is pushed upwards by the patient's fingers d) Frequency when cystitis develops
Slide 26-

Rectal symptoms are not so marked. The patient always feels heaviness in the rectum and a constant desire to defaecate. Piles develop from straining. Backache, congestive dysmenorrhoea and menorrhagia are common. Leucorrhoea is caused by the congestion and associated by chronic cervicitis. Associated decubitus ulcer may result in discharge which may be purulent or blood stained
Slide 27-

Diagnostic approach Beginning with a careful inspection of the vulva and vagina to identify erosions, ulcerations, or other lesions The extent of prolapse should be systematically assessed Suspicious lesions should be biopsied
Slide 28-

Examination Local examination Per speculum examination Per vaginal/ Bimanual examination Bonney’s stress test Evaluation of tone of pelvic muscles Recto vaginal examination Position of patient for examination - standing & straining - dorsal lithotomy
Slide 29-

Diagnostic approach The maximal extent of prolapse is demonstrated with a standing straining examination when the bladder is empty Pelvic muscle function should be assessed after the bimanual examination → palpate the pelvic muscles a few centimeters inside the hymen, along pelvic sidewalls at the 4 & 8 o’clock Resting tone & voluntary contraction of the anal sphincters should be assessed during rectovaginal examination
Slide 30-

Evaluation of pelvic floor tone Place 1 or 2 fingers in the vagina and instruct the patient to contract her pelvic floor muscles (i.e., the levator ani muscles). Then gauge her ability to contract these muscles, as well as the strength, symmetry, and duration of the contraction. The strength of the contraction can be subjectively graded with a modified Oxford scale (0 = no contraction, 1 = flicker, 2 = weak, 3 = moderate, 4 = good, 5 = strong).
Slide 31-

Bladder evaluation For all patients with prolapse following information should be obtained Screening for urinary tract infection Postvoid residual urine volume Presence or absence of bladder sensation Bonney’s stress test performed following reduction of prolapse If test positive incontinence surgery should be performed at the time of prolapse surgery
Slide 32-

Testing for Integrity of anal sphincter Should be assessed for resting tone and voluntary squeeze and sensation around the vulva with the bulbo-cavernous reflex and crude sensory testing for evidence of pudendal neuropathy
Slide 33-

Prevention During labour &puerperium Avoid premature bearing down Avoid long second stage Repairs all tears &incisions accurately in layers Use delayed absorbable suture Do not express the uterus when attempting to deliver placenta Encourage pelvic floor exercise Avoid puerperal constipation-decreases bearing down
Slide 34-

Prevention At hysterectomy Vault suspension with uterosacral and cardinal ligaments Obliteration of deep cul-de –sac by Moschowitz sutures Sacropexy in high risk situations like collagen disorders Increase acceptability of estrogen replacement therapy
Slide 35-

Treatment Physiotherapy Kegel’s pelvic floor exercise Kegel’s perineometer Influence only the voluntary muscles No action to the fascial supporting system Vaginal cones of increasing weight .
Slide 36-

Associated decubitus ulcer To relieve congestion, the prolapse can be reposited in the vagina with the help of tompoons ar pessary and this helps in healing of the ulcer Hygroscopic agents like acriflavin-glycerine can help reduce the congestion further
Slide 37-

Pessary During pregnancy Immediately after pregnancy, during lactation When future childbearing is intended in near future Refusal to operation by patient As a therapeutic test To promote healing in a decubital ulcer
Slide 38-

ppt slide no 38 content not found
Slide 39-

Pessary in situ
Slide 40-

Complications of pessary Constipation Urinary incontinance B.vaginitis, ulceration of vaginal wall Cervicitis Carcinoma of vaginal wall Impaction of pessary Strangulation of prolapsed tissue
Slide 41-

Principles of Management Physical examination must not be used in isolation to develop treatment strategy. Any decision for surgical intervention should take account of how prolapse is affecting lifestyle.
Slide 42-

Aim of pelvic reconstructive surgery To restore anatomy, maintain or restore visceral function, and maintain or restore normal sexual function
Slide 43-

Uterine descent- surgeries Vaginal hysterectomy Sling surgeries Shirodkar Khanna’s Purandares Fothergill’s surgery
Slide 44-

Vault prolapse Separation of the rectovaginal fascia from pubocervical fascia. In post hysterectomy patients it is important to reattach the rectovaginal fascia to the pubocervical fascia and to provide good support to the vaginal apex by reattaching the vaginal cuff to the uterosacral cardinal ligament complex.
Slide 45-

Surgery for prolapsed vaginal vault Vaginal surgery Decreased operative time Decreased incidence of adhesion formation Quicker recovery time Abdominal surgery. Failed previous vaginal approach Have foreshortened vagina Young patients with advanced prolapse With other co existing conditions Obliterative procedures
Slide 46-

Vaginal surgery Mc Call culdoplasty Internal external Sacrospinous ligament fixation High uterosacral ligament suspension with fascial reconstruction Iliococcygeus fascia suspension
Slide 47-

Abdominal repairs Abdominal sacral colpopexy High uterosacral ligament suspension Laparoscopic approach
Slide 48-

Obliterative procedures Le forte partial colpocleisis Colpectomy and colpocleisis
Slide 49-

Diagnosis of Stress Incontinence with Pelvic Organ Prolapse Loss of urine during coughing, sneezing, laughing or lifting something heavy These activities cause an increase in "belly pressure” → forces the urine out of the bladder Stress incontinence occurs almost exclusively in women & thought to be due to "pelvic (vaginal) relaxation" from childbirth or aging
Slide 50-

Treatment of Stress Incontinence with Pelvic Organ Prolapse Conservative therapy - Pelvic floor exercises - Urinary meatel occlusion devices - Collagen injections Urinary incontinence surgery - Ant repair & Kelly’s plication - Pubo-vaginal sling procedure - TVT sling procedure - Burch Urethropexy
Slide 51-

Thank you