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Small and Large Intestines PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical presentation on Digestive System, which is titled "Small and Large Intestines", to know about parts and functions of small and large intestines.

Tags : Digestive System, Small, Large Intestines, parts, functions

Published on : Jul 10, 2021 | Views : 2675 | Downloads : 5

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Slide 1-

Small and Large Intestines
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Parts of the Small Intestines
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How do the parts of Small intestines Vary? Duodenum: secretes mucous enzymes and hormones and is a site of entry for bile and pancreatic juices Jejunum: nutrient absorption ileum: central portion of the abdominal cavity; pH 7-8; absorbs B12 and bile salts
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Intestinal Wall Mucosa contain: absorptive cells aka: enterocytes 2 layers of smooth muscle Circular and longitudinal aid in intestinal mobility Serosa: supportive CT
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Function of villi and microvilli Specialized absorptive units Microscopic units with layers of epithelial cells 200m2 for nutrient absorption desmosomes and tight junctions prevent microbes b/t cells
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Regulator of absorptive units Absorption occurs by active transport, facilitated diffusion, Na/K pump Actin (protein) Filaments regulated by autonomic nerve fibers Fats and water soluble nutrients take different paths
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Movement Patterns Segmentation: circular muscle contraction Peristalsis: movements by circular and longitudinal muscles
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Large Intestines Colon 6 cm wide and 1.5 meets long (6 feet)
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Movement of chyme Chyme enters the colon thru ileocecal valve Located b/t ileum and colon Gastroileal reflex regulates ileocecal valve by the peristaltic waves
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Major segments of Lg intestines Transverse Ascending Sites of water and Na absorption and mucus secretions Descending Sigmoid Storage of fecal matter
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Process that allows for water absorption Osmosis …following the Na/K pump which is what type of cellular transport??
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Important to replenish electrolyte balance Homeostasis K is secreted into large intestines
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Stool mass What’s in your Poo? Dietary fiber (pectin and cellulose) Fruits and vegetables Indigestible substances
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Movements of colon Segmentation: circular muscle contraction Peristalsis: movements by circular and longitudinal muscles Mass movement: force of feces along the colon through the anal canal
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Mass movements Defecation Rectal distention triggers defecation reflex, which then forces feces out of anal canal Control? Other mechanisms Internal and external valves (sphincters) Pressure from abdominal cavity
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Diseases/Disorders Diverticulitis Fever, pain in abdomin, diareherra Possibly caused from increase in intraluminal pressure. Indiv. With low dietary fiber intake at high risk
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Crohn’s Disease autoimmune disease: caused by the immune system attacking the gastrointestinal tract and producing inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract may affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract from mouth to anus, Symptoms: abdominal pain, diarrhea (which may be bloody), vomiting, or weight loss Type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) appears to be a genetic link Mutations in the CARD15 gene