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Skin Functions of Skin PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical presentation on Anatomy of the Skin, which is titled "Skin Functions of Skin", to know about the skin functions including thermal control, waterproofing, excretion of waste, and making vitamin D.

Tags : Anatomy, Skin, Functions, thermal control, waterproofing, excretion of waste, making vitamin D

Published on : Jul 05, 2021 | Views : 3398 | Downloads : 7

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Slide 1-

Skin Functions of Skin Mechanical/Chemical damage – keratin toughens cells; fats cells cushion blows; and pressure receptors to measure possible damage Bacterial damage – skin secretions are acidic and inhibit bacteria. Ultraviolet radiation – melanin produced to protect from UV damage
Slide 2-

Skin Functions Thermal control – regulates body temperature Heat loss: sweat to cool the skin Heat retention: prevents blood to rush into capillary beds Waterproofing – contains lipids to prevent drying out Excretion of waste – urea and uric acid secreted in sweat Makes vitamin D – modifies cholesterol molecules in skin and converts it to vitamin D
Slide 3-

Skin Structure Epidermis — outer layer Stratified squamous epithelium Often keratinized (hardened by keratin) Dermis Dense connective tissue Subcutaneous tissue hypodermis
Slide 4-

Skin Structure Summary of layers from deepest to most superficial: Stratum basale Stratum spinosum Stratum granulosum Stratum lucidum Stratum corneum
Slide 5-

Skin Structure Subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis) is deep to dermis Not part of the skin Anchors skin to underlying organs, bones and muscles Contains half of the body’s fat; acts as padding and insulation.
Slide 6-

Layers of the Epidermis Stratum basale Deepest layer of epidermis Cells actively undergoing cell division New cells are pushed upward to become the more superficial layers Stratum spinosum – intermediate layer Stratum granulosum – another layer
Slide 7-

Layers of the Epidermis Stratum lucidum Formed from dead cells of the deeper layers Occurs only in thick, hairless skin of the palms of hands and soles of feet Stratum corneum Outermost layer of epidermis Scale-like dead cells are filled with keratin which is a protective protein preventing water loss from skin
Slide 8-

Keratinization Cells migrate to the epidermis where eventually they fall off. As they move upward, keratin is added. The cells in the epidermis contain a lot of keratin which resists damage. Distinct layers of cells are called strata. A cell takes ~ 40 – 56 from creation to sloughing off
Slide 9-

Melanin Pigment (melanin) produced by melanocytes Melanocytes are mostly in the stratum basale Color is yellow to red to brown to black Amount of melanin produced depends upon genetics and exposure to sunlight
Slide 10-

Melanin continued…. Large amounts of melanin occur in some regions like freckles, moles, and nipples. Less melanin occurs in the lips, hands, and soles of the feet. All races have the same number of melanoctyes! The amount of melanin produced is determined by genetics.
Slide 11-

Albinism A single mutation can cause a deficiency or complete absence of melanin. Albinos have fair skin, white hairs, and unpigmented eyes
Slide 12-

Dermis Two layers Papillary layer (upper dermal region) Projections called dermal papillae Some contain capillary loops containing blood Some pain receptors and touch receptors Reticular layer (deepest skin layer) Blood vessels Sweat and oil glands Deep pressure receptors
Slide 13-

What causes Normal Skin Color Melanin Yellow, brown, or black pigments Carotene Orange-yellow pigment from some vegetables Hemoglobin Red coloring from blood cells in dermal capillaries Oxygen content determines the extent of red coloring
Slide 14-

Dermis Overall dermis structure Collagen and elastic fibers located throughout the dermis Collagen fibers give skin its toughness Elastic fibers give skin elasticity Dermal papillae – extend toward the epidermis and deliver nutrients, remove waste products (sweat = urea and uric acid) and aid in regulating body temperature.
Slide 15-

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Slide 16-

What causes Normal Skin Color Melanin Yellow, brown, or black pigments Carotene Orange-yellow pigment from some vegetables Hemoglobin Red coloring from blood cells in dermal capillaries Oxygen content determines the extent of red coloring