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Rhinitis PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : This medical presentation titled "Rhinitis" provides information on rhinitis, an inflammation of the lining of the nasal cavity. The presentation also provides classification of rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, Seasonal rhinitis, Perennial rhinitis, mild allergic rhinitis, moderate allergic rhinitis, allergic rhinitis pathophysiology, etiology of allergic rhinitis, its clinical features, occupational allergens, food induced rhinitis, its treatment and more.

Tags : Rhinitis, nasal cavity, para nasal sinuses, inflammation, classification, Allergy, Seasonal ,Perennial, food related, drug induced, Infectious, Acute, Chronic, Allergic rhinitis, IgE mediated hypersensitivity response to allergen, Allergens, pollen, Perennial rhinitis, Sneezing , paroxysm, Rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, loss of smell, Itchiness, Tearing, itching, redness of eyes, Burning sensation in the throat, symptom, asthma, cough, shortness of breath, wheeze

Published on : Apr 25, 2021 | Views : 4072 | Downloads : 22

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1 Rhinitis Dr. Mohammad Aloulah
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2 Definition of Rhinitis Rhinitis is inflammation of the lining of the nasal cavity. As the lining of the nasal cavity and the para nasal sinuses is continuous, inflammatory process tend to involve both areas to a greater or lesser extent.
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3 Classification of Rhinitis Allergy -Seasonal ,Perennial, food related ,drug induced Infectious -Acute -Chronic
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4 Allergic rhinitis Its an IgE mediated hypersensitivity response to allergen lead to rhinitis ,associated allergic conjunctivitis and asthma may occur. The disease is common ,prevalence depend on age ,gender, geographical distribution
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Allergic rhinitis classification 1. Intermittent (Seasonal) 2. Persistent (Perennial) 3. Mild 4. Moderate - severe 5
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Seasonal rhinitis 1. Also known as intermittent rhinitis 2. It usually lasts less than 4 days a week 3. The whole disorder lasts for about a month 4. Usually caused due to exposure to seasonal Allergens like pollen 5. Common during spring when flowers bloom 6
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Perennial rhinitis 1. Also known as persistent rhinitis 2. Symptoms last for more than 4 days a week 3. Whole disorder lasts for more than a month 4. This is due to continuous exposure to allergen. eg. House dust mite 7
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Mild allergic rhinitis Allergic rhinitis is considered to be mild if the symptoms Does'nt cause: Sleep disturbance Impairment of daily activity Impairment of work Troublesome symptoms 8
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Moderate allergic rhinitis This includes one or more of the following: Sleep disturbance Impairment of daily activity Impairment of work Troublesome symptoms 9
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Allergic rhinitis pathophysiology The reaction occurs in 4 phases 1. Sensitization 2. Subsequent reaction to allergen – early phase 3. Late phase reaction 4. Systemic activation 10
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11 Pathological change Local mucosal change -edema -infiltration with eosinophils and plasma cells -watery discharge -vascular dilatation -polypi -Superadded infection Involvement of sinuses -generalized thickening -polypi in the sinuses( single or multiple) -fluid effusion in the sinuses
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12 Etiology of Allergic Rhinitis :
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13 Dust mite Fel d1
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14 Clinical features: - Sneezing , may be in paroxysm. Rhinorrhea nasal obstruction and loss of smell Itchiness of nose ,eye,palate Tearing ,itching ,redness of eyes Burning sensation in the throat. symptom related to asthma (cough,shortness of breath, wheeze)
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15 Occupational allergens Rhinitis may occur as a consequence of allergins inhaled in work place frequently associated with asthma Biological agent include flour (in baker ,grain worker), laboratory animal ,wood dust,biological washing powder,latex Chemical agent -paint manufacturer and painter (spray) -platinum salt in platinum refiner -drugs in pharmaceutical worker
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16 Food induced rhinitis It’s a rare cause of allergic rhinitis, symptom of rhinitis often associated with urticaria, angioedema and GIT symptom Food may occasionally provoke IgE induced rhinitis In children Milk, egg, cheese, In adult nuts ,fish, shellfish, citrus fruit
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17 Examinaton General Local ENT examination :allergic nasal mucosa appear pale or bluish, boggy with swelling and watery discharge. there may be polyp, structural (septal deviation ,prominent turbinate). Systemic
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18 Investigations 1- Skin Tests: it’s a primary tool in the investigation of allergy .its positive in seasonal rhinitis ,less than 50%in others it consist of pricking skin ,with special needle few drops of allergin . Appearance of wheal and flare in 15-20 min ,the size of wheal is usually equal or greater than 3mm and interpreted by positive and negative control Antihistamine should be discontinued 3-6 days before test Intradermal test is rarely used because of extensive tissue reaction or anaphylaxis
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19 Skin prick test
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20 Laboratory tests: Laboratory tests: -nasal cytology ,eosinophil count in nasal secretion,blood -IgE level measurement (total) Specific(RAST,ELISA, cap test)
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21 A raised IgE level usually confirm allergic constitution but it is neither sensitive nor specific Elevated level seen in smoker and parasitic infestation
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22 treatment Avoidance of allergins . Drugs . Immunotherapy (desensitization) . Surgery .
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23
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24 Desensitization : it consist of injection of allergin in increasing dose S.C to be tolerated by the subject. Sublingual allergin available ,its popular but less effective .
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25 surgery Polypectomy Reduction surgery of inferior turbinate
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26 Drug Induced Rhinitis NSAID Beta blockers ACEI Oral contraceptives
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27 Rhinitis Medicamentosa The condition is the result of over medication with local nasal decongestants casusing rebound phenomenon occurs resulting in turbinate hypertrophy. If the decongestant treatment is repeated the condition become rapidly self-perpetuating and a chronic nasal obstruction unresponsive to decongestant results. The treatment is immediate cessation of the decongestant with replacement by nasal or systemic steroid. If this is not successful then inferior turbinectomy may be required.
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28 Hormonal induced rhinitis Menstruation ,pregnancy Untreated hypothyroidism Sexual excitement (Honeymoon rhinitis)
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29 Infective Rhinitis Non Specific: *infections of ext.nose *Coryza ( commone cold ) *Influenza Specific Erysipelas Glanders Anthrax candidiasis Gonorrhea Diphtheria Syphilis Acute rhinitis
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30 Chronic rhinitis Glanders Rhinoscleroma diphtheria Sarcoidosis Lupus Vulgaris T. B Gangosa Specific Syphillis Fungi Rhinitis sicca Atrophic Simple chronic non specific
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31 Infections of external nose Furunculosis Infection of hair follicles Hard tender painful red Cavernous sinus thrombosis Local heat application Systemic A.B. Paranteral A.B. (if large or cellulitis)
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32 Vestibulitis : inflammation of nasal vestibules Usu. Staf. Aureus Coryza Atopy Unilateral :F.B.
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33 Herpis zoster : Ophthalmic branch of trigeminal n. Cheek ,palate & vestibule
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34 Thank you