Download Free Medical RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS PowerPoint Presentation

RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS PowerPoint Presentation

DOWNLOAD MEDICAL POWERPOINT PRESENTATION

About This Presentation

Description : Check out this medical presentation on Influenza (Flu), which is titled "RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS", to know about RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS.

Tags : Influenza, Flu, RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS

Published on : Aug 29, 2021 | Views : 1600 | Downloads : 8

Shareable Url :

Embed Code :

Comment

Transcript

Slide 1-

RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS Dr. Mohit Bhatia Assistant Professor Department of Microbiology
Slide 2-

ppt slide no 2 content not found
Slide 3-

UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS Infections of airway above glottis or vocal cords Tonsillitis Pharyngitis Laryngitis Sinusitis Otitis media Rhinitis Cough Sore throat Running nose Nasal congestion Headache Low-grade fever Facial pressure Sneezing
Slide 4-

Rhinitis or common cold Mostly caused by viruses: Rhinovirus Coronavirus Adenovirus Influenza virus Parainfluenza virus Human metapneumovirus Respiratory syncytial virus
Slide 5-

Sinusitis Symptoms: Headache/facial pain, nasal mucus, Plugged nose Agents of acute sinusitis: Viruses (most common cause): Rhinoviruses, Influenza viruses, Parainfluenza viruses Bacterial agents: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Pseudomonas and other gram negative bacilli (nosocomial sinusitis) Agents of chronic sinusitis: Obligate anaerobes, Staphylococcus aureus
Slide 6-

PHARYNGITIS & TONSILLITIS
Slide 7-

PHARYNGITIS & TONSILLITIS
Slide 8-

LARYNGITIS Influenza virus Parainfluenza virus Rhinovirus Adenovirus Coronavirus Human metapneumovirus Streptococcus pyogenes C. diphtheriae Epstein-Barr virus Hoarseness of voice Lowering & deepening of voice
Slide 9-

LARYNGOTRACHEOBRONCHITIS (Croup) Children, <3 years age Inspiratory stridor Hoarseness Fever Cough (barking) Parainfluenza virus (M/C) Influenza virus Respiratory syncytial virus Adenoviruses
Slide 10-

Epiglottis Edema and inflammation of epiglottis and soft tissue above vocal cords Age: children 2–6 years Symptoms: Fever, Difficulty in swallowing, Inspiratory stridor Most common agent: Haemophilus influenzae type b
Slide 11-

Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Community acquired Hospital acquired PNEUMONIA
Slide 12-

Community-acquired Pneumonia (CAP) Streptococcus pneumoniae Mycoplasma pneumoniae Chlamydophila pneumoniae Chlamydia psittaci Legionella spp. Coxiella burnetii Viruses (Influenza, Adenovirus, Parainfluenza, RSV)
Slide 13-

CURB-65score - C (Confusion) = 1 point - U (blood urea nitrogen >19 mg/dL) = 1 point - R (respiratory rate >30 min) = 1 point - B (BP <90/60) = 1 point - 65 (Age ≥65 years) = 1 point Higher the score, greater is the mortality If the score ≤1, outpatient therapy is indicated If the score >1, patient should be hospitalized
Slide 14-

Hospital-acquired Pneumonia (hAP) VAP CPIS
Slide 15-

CLINICAL PULMONARY INFECTION SCORE
Slide 16-

CAUSATIVE ORGANISMS Gram-negative bacilli (most common) MDR non-fermenters MDR Enterobacteriaceae Staphylococcus aureus (both MRSA and MSSA) S. pneumoniae (rarely, in early stage) Influenza, adenovirus, parainfluenza, RSV
Slide 17-

LOBAR PNEUMONIA
Slide 18-

INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA
Slide 19-

BRONCHITIS Inflammation of bronchus, which occurs either as an extension of upper respiratory tract infection such as influenza or may be caused directly by bacterial agents such as Bordetella. Common symptoms - fever, cough, sputum production, and rarely croup- like features
Slide 20-

BRONCHITIS Bacterial agents: B. pertussis B. parapertussis Mycoplasma pneumoniae Chlamydophila pneumoniae Viral agents: Influenza viruses Adenoviruses Rhinoviruses Coronaviruses
Slide 21-

BRONCHIOLITIS Inflammation of the smaller airways (bronchioles) It presents as an acute viral infection that primarily occurs in children less than 2 year Symptoms: Acute onset of wheeze, dyspnea, cough, rhinorrhea, and respiratory distress Respiratory syncytial viruses account for 40–80%
Slide 22-

BRONCHIOLITIS Respiratory syncytial viruses Parainfluenza viruses Rhinoviruses Influenza viruses Adenoviruses Enterovirus Human metapneumovirus
Slide 23-

Laboratory Diagnosis For URTI: Throat swab Nasopharyngeal aspirate For LRTI: Sputum Induced sputum Tracheal aspirate Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)
Slide 24-

Microscopy Albert staining Gram staining Acid fast staining GMS stain Immunofluorescence microscopy of nasopharyngeal aspirate
Slide 25-

ppt slide no 25 content not found
Slide 26-

Culture For bacteriological culture: Blood agar, chocolate agar and MacConkey agar For isolation of C. diphtheriae: Loeffler’s serum slope and potassium tellurite agar For M. tuberculosis: LJ medium and incubated for up to 6–8 weeks For fungal pathogen isolation: Sabouraud dextrose agar Viral - Appropriate cell lines
Slide 27-

CARROM COIN APPEARANCE OF Streptococcus pneumoniae SATELLITISM IN H. influenzae
Slide 28-

COLONIES OF Candida species ROUGH, TOUGH & BUFF COLONIES OF Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Slide 29-

FRIED EGG colonies of Mycoplasma spp.
Slide 30-

TREATMENT Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) Empiric regimen is determined by presence of co-morbidity and prediction of prognosis by CURB-65 scoring system CAP, hospitalized (if CURB65 score >1): - IV ceftriaxone plus azithromycin or - IV levofloxacin Add vancomycin if CA-MRSA suspected
Slide 31-

CAP, outpatient (if CURB-65 score ≤1): Oral azithromycin or azithromycin + amoxyclav Oral levofloxacin
Slide 32-

Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) Empirical therapy: Gram-negative (e.g. piperacillin-tazobactam or meropenem) + Gram-positive coverage (e.g. vancomycin) Definitive therapy: The empirical treatment should be tailored based on the organism isolated and its
Slide 33-

THANK YOU