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Radial and Ulnar Nerves PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "Radial & Ulnar Nerves”.

This medical PowerPoint presentation is about the radial and ulnar nerves, two of the major nerves in the human body, both originating from the brachial plexus in the shoulder region and extending down the arm.

The radial nerve runs down the posterior (back) side of the arm and forearm, and is responsible for controlling the muscles that extend the wrist and fingers. It also provides sensation to the skin on the back of the hand and thumb.

The ulnar nerve, on the other hand, runs down the medial (inner) side of the arm and forearm and controls the muscles that move the fingers and wrist, particularly the small muscles that control fine motor movements. It also provides sensation to the skin on the little finger and part of the ring finger.

Both nerves are susceptible to injury or compression, which can lead to a variety of symptoms such as pain, weakness, numbness or tingling in the affected areas. Common causes of nerve injury or compression include trauma, repetitive stress injuries, and medical conditions such as carpal tunnel syndrome or cubital tunnel syndrome.

Tags : Radial Nerve, Ulnar Nerve, brachial plexus, Orthopaedic Surgery, Orthopaedic Surgery PowerPoint presentation

Published on : Jun 23, 2023 | Views : 1315 | Downloads : 2

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Slide 1-

Radial & Ulnar Nerves
Slide 2-

At the end of the lecture, students should be able to: Describe the anatomy of the radial & ulnar nerves regarding: origin, course & distribution. List the branches of the nerves. Describe the causes and manifestations of nerve injury. Objectives
Slide 3-

Origin: Posterior cord of the brachial plexus in the axilla (the largest branch) Supplies: All Muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm & fore arm Radial Nerve
Slide 4-

It winds around the back of the arm in the Spiral Groove on the back of the humerus between the heads of the triceps. In the spiral groove, the nerve is accompanied by the Profunda Vessels, and it lies directly in contact with the shaft of the humerus (Dangerous Position). Course In the Arm
Slide 5-

It pierces the Lateral Intermuscular septum Descends in front of the Lateral Epicondyle runs forward into the Cubital Fossa Divides into Superficial & Deep branches. Course In the Forearm
Slide 6-

Branches: Arising In The Axilla Cutaneous: Posterior cutaneous nerve of arm. Muscular to: Long & Medial Heads of Triceps.
Slide 7-

Cutaneous: Lower lateral cutaneous nerve of arm. Posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm. Muscular to: Lateral & Medial heads of triceps. Anconeus. Branches: Arising In The Spiral Groove
Slide 8-

Muscular to: Brachioradialis. Extensor carpi radialis longus. Brachialis. Articular to: Elbow joint Branches: Arising Close to Lateral Epicondyle
Slide 9-

SUPERFICIAL BRANCH OF RADIAL NERVE It descends under cover of Brachioradialis Lies lateral to radial artery. Emerges beneath the brachioradialis tendon. Reaches the posterior surface of the wrist, where it divides into terminal branches Superficial Branch
Slide 10-

Distribution of Superficial Branch It is PURELY SENSORY nerve and supplies the skin on: The lateral 2/3 of the posterior surface of the hand & The posterior surface over the proximal phalanges of the lateral 3 1/2 fingers. The area of skin supplied by the nerve on the dorsum of the hand is variable.
Slide 11-

Deep Branch It winds around the neck of the radius, within the supinator muscle, and enters the posterior compartment of the forearm. It is PURELY MOTOR nerve and supplies the extensor muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm. Extensor carpi radialis brevis. Extensor carpi ulnaris. Supinator. Abductor pollicis longus. Extensor pollicis brevis. Extensor pollicis longus. Extensor indicis.
Slide 12-

Summary of Branches of Radial Nerve
Slide 13-

In the Axilla: The nerve can be injured by a drunkard falling asleep with one arm over the back of a chair, also by fractures and dislocations of the proximal end of the humerus. The triceps, the anconeus, and the long extensors of the wrist are paralyzed. The patient is unable to extend the elbow & the wrist joints, and the fingers (Wrist Drop) Radial Nerve Injuries In the Spiral Groove: Injury or fracture of the spiral groove of the humerus, the patient is unable to extend the wrist and the fingers (Wrist Drop).
Slide 14-

Injury like a stab wound, results in a variable small area of anesthesia over the dorsum of the hand and lateral three and half fingers up to the base of their proximal phalanges. Injury to the Superficial Branch of the Radial Nerve
Slide 15-

Injury to the Deep Branch of the Radial Nerve It can be damaged in fractures of the proximal end of the radius or during dislocation of the radial head. The nerve that supply the supinator and the extensor carpi radialis longus will be undamaged, and because the latter muscle is powerful, it will keep the wrist joint extended, There is No wrist drop There is No sensory loss
Slide 16-

Origin: Medial cord of Brachial Plexus. Course in the ARM: Descends along the medial side of the axillary/brachial arteries: Pierces the Medial Intermuscular Septum. Passes Behind the Medial Epicondyle of the humerus. Ulnar Nerve
Slide 17-

Enters the anterior compartment through the flex carpi ulnaris. Descends: Behind the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris. Medial to Ulnar Artery. Course In the Forearm
Slide 18-

Course At the Wrist Passes: Anterior to Flexor Retinaculum. Lateral to Pisiform bone. Medial to Ulnar artery. Divides into: Superficial & Deep branches
Slide 19-

In the Forearm: Muscular to 1 & 1/2 muscles: Flexor Carpi Ulnaris. Medial 1l2 of Flexor Digitorum Profundus. Articular to Elbow joint. Cutaneous: 1. Dorsal (posterior) cutaneous: Supplies the skin over the back of Medial side of the hand & Medial 1+1/2 fingers 2. Palmar cutaneous: Supplies the skin over the Medial part of the palm. Branches It gives No branches in the arm
Slide 20-

1. Muscular: Palmaris Brevis. 2. Cutaneous: Skin over the Palmar aspect of the medial 1+ ½ fingers (including nail beds). Branches of Superficial Terminal Branch
Slide 21-

Muscular branches to: Hypothenar Eminence. All Interossei (Palmar & Dorsal). 3rd & 4th Lumbricals. Adductor pollicis. Articular: To Carpal joints. Branches of Deep Terminal Branch
Slide 22-

Summary of branches of Ulnar Nerve
Slide 23-

Ulnar Nerve Injury At the Elbow: Atrophy of Ulnar side of forearm. Flexion of the wrist with Abduction. Claw hand. Wasting of Hypothenar Eminence. At the wrist: Claw Hand. Wasting of Hypothenar Eminence.
Slide 24-

Lesion of the ulnar nerve at the wrist: Medial Two Lumbricals: Flexes the MCP (metacarpophalangeal joints) of the little and ring fingers.Extends the IP (interphalangeal joints) of the little and ring fingers Interossei: Abduct and adduct the fingers Hypothenar Muscles: Flex, adduct, and oppose the little finger Adductor Pollicis: Adducts the thumb The key set of muscles that are paralysed are the lumbricals. There is now a loss of flexion at the MCP joint and a loss of extension at the IP joints. This results in the ulnar claw: the MCP joints are hyperextended by unopposed extension from the extensor digitorum, and the IP joints are flexed by unopposed flexion from the flexor digitorum profundus. This only occurs in the little and ring fingers as the lateral two lumbricals are innervated by the median nerve. Lesion of the ulnar nerve at the elbow. In addition to the muscles of the hand, these muscles are paralysed: Medial half of Flexor Digitorum Profundus: Flexes the IP joints of the ring and little fingers Flexor Carpi Ulnaris: Flexes and adducts the wrist The ulnar claw will develop as before, but with one key difference. The flexor digitorum profundus is paralysed, and there will not be any flexion of the ring and little fingers. Now the ulnar claw only consists of hyperextension at the MCP joints, giving a less evident claw hand.
Slide 25-

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