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Pharmacology of Interferon PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : This medical presentation titled "Pharmacology of Interferon" tells us how interferons play a crucial role in the first line of defense against viral infections, how interferons are part of the non-specific immune system and how interferons are made by cells in response to an appropriate stimulus.

Tags : Pharmacology, Interferon, viral infections, non-specific immune system, stimulus, Types on Interferon, leukocyte interferon, fibroblast interferon, immune interferon, Prevent Viral Replication, Response, Acute Viral Infection, Treatment, effects, Actimmune, Alferon, Avonex, Betaserone, Infergen, Intron, Wellferon, HCV Epidemiology, Flu-like symptoms, Headache, Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, Depression, irritability, anxiety, Injection site reactions, partial alopecia, Hematologic abnormalities, Autoimmune disorders

Published on : Apr 25, 2021 | Views : 2982 | Downloads : 2

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Slide 1-

Pharmacology of Interferon
Slide 2-

Interferon Natural Interferons Man Made Interferons (Recombinant)
Slide 3-

Interferon Basics Interferons play an important role in the first line of defense against viral infections Interferons are part of the non-specific immune system Interferons are made by cells in response to an appropriate stimulus
Slide 4-

Types on Interferon alpha (leukocyte interferon) produced by virus infected leukocytes beta (fibroblast interferon) produced by virus infected fibroblasts or epithelial cells gamma (immune interferon) produced by certain activated T cells & NK cells
Slide 5-

How Does It Prevent Viral Replication? virus cells (Other stimuli: exogenous ds RNA, LPS, bacterial components)
Slide 6-

How Does It Prevent Viral Replication? virus interferon
Slide 7-

How Does it Prevent Viral Replication? virus Inhibitory proteins No replication
Slide 8-

Interferon Response to Acute Viral Infection
Slide 9-

Effects of Interferon Treatment
Slide 10-

Mechanisms of Action IFN alpha and beta induction of inhibitory protein synthesis IFN gamma inc class II MHC molecules of APC Inc ability of macrophages to resist viral infx and kill other cells if infected All IFN inc class I MHC molecules inc activity of NK cells
Slide 11-

Viral Defense Against Interferon block interferon binding to cells inhibit action of interferon-induced protein kinase inhibit NK function interfere with cell surface expression MHC block complement activation prevent apoptosis in host cell
Slide 12-

Indications for Interferon alpha Hepatitis B & C, Hairy cell leukemia, Chronic myeloid leukemia, multiple myeloma, low grade lymphomas, Kaposi’s Sarcoma, Melanoma beta Multiple Sclerosis, (Ulcerative colitis)
Slide 13-

Indications for Interferon gamma Chronic granulomatous disease, Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, Renal cell Carcinoma
Slide 14-

Incomplete List of Interferons Actimmune Alferon Avonex Betaserone Infergen Intron Wellferon, etc
Slide 15-

HCV Epidemiology HCV is leading cause of liver disease 4 million Americans have been exposed approx 3 million are infected HCV infection leads to decompensated cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma HCV-related cirrhosis is the most common reason for OLT in the US NIH Consensus Development Conference Statement 2002
Slide 16-

HCV Infection
Slide 17-

Interferon in Hepatitis C Monotherapy standard interferon 3 Million units inj tiw (Low Sustained virologic response) Combination therapy standard interferon with ribivarin pegylated interferon with ribivarin
Slide 18-

Interferon in HCV Limitations monotherapy not very effective cumbersome dosing (TIW) multiple side effects
Slide 19-

Interferon Side Effects Flu-like symptoms Headache Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea Depression, irritability, anxiety Injection site reactions, partial alopecia Hematologic abnormalities Autoimmune disorders (Hepatitis C Data)
Slide 20-

Management of Side Effects Depression (77% Manns et al, Lancet 2001) NIH consensus - “monitor patients for depression and prescribe antidepressants when necessary” Hematologic abnormalities neutropenia and thrombocytopenia treatment options include decreasing dose or giving hematopoietic growth factors
Slide 21-

Pegylated Interferon HCV is an ideal setting for peginterferon polyethylene glycol (PEG):interferon Pegylation was developed to overcome disadvantages of standard interferon shields IFN from enzymatic degradation thus lowers systemic clearance allows less frequent dosing achieve higher/sustained serum [interferon]
Slide 22-

Fried et al: Peginterferon Alfa-2a Plus Ribavirin P=<0.001 29% 44% 56%
Slide 23-

Differences in PEG peginterferon alfa-2b linear molecule weight 12 kDa peginterferon alfa-2a larger, branched molecule weight 40 kDa
Slide 24-

Peginterferon
Slide 25-

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Slide 26-

Pharmacologic Parameters of Peginterferons
Slide 27-

Weight-Based Dosing and Peginterferon Therapy Once weekly dosing alfa 2b weight based dosing (1-1.5 mcg/kg/week) high volume of distribution kidney, heart, liver and throughout the bloodstream alfa 2a fixed dose at 180 mcg/week low volume of distribution
Slide 28-

Conclusions Interferons are important in the nonspecific immune response Interferons are effective in the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis Pegylated interferons are superior therapies for patients with HCV Side effects should be monitored closely