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Pediatric Pharmacology - Steriods PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical presentation on Pediatrics, which is titled "Pediatric Pharmacology - Steriods", to know about Pediatric Pharmacology and Steriods.

Tags : Pediatrics, Pediatric Pharmacology, Steriods

Published on : Aug 02, 2021 | Views : 1394 | Downloads : 3

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Dr.Azad A Haleem AL.Brefkani University Of Duhok College of pharmacy Pediatrics Department azad82d@gmail.com 2016
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Types of Steroids Replacement Therapy glucocorticoid (hydrocortisone) mineralocorticoid (fludrocortisone) Anti-inflammatory Therapy Short acting: hydrocortisone Intermediate acting: prednisolone; methylprednisolone; triamcinolone Long acting: dexamethasone
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Routes of Administration Systemic : oral, transrectal, IV, IM Local: topical, intranasal, intraocular, intraarticular
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Pharmacological Actions Hydrocortisone used for: orally for replacement therapy, I.V: for shock and asthma, topically for eczema (ointment) and Enemas (ulcerative colitis). Prednisolone the most widely used drug given orally in inflammation and allergic diseases. Betamethasone and dexamethasone: very potent, with out salt-retaining properties; thus, very useful for high-dose therapies (e.g., cerebral edemas). Beclometasone, diproprionate, budesonide: pass membranes poorly; more active when applied topically (severe eczema for local anti- inflammatory effects) than orally; used in asthma, (aerosol). Triamcinolone: used for severe asthma and for local joint inflammation (intra-articular inj.).
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Side Effects ?
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Steps for weaning oral corticosteroids Divide each daily dose into a morning and an afternoon portion. If the daily dose exceeds 20mg, reduce it by half every two weeks until the daily dose is 20mg. At 20mg per day, the adrenal cortex must begin to produce its own cortisol again, and the weaning process needs to progress more slowly to minimize withdrawal symptoms and to avoid dangerous repercussions related to a lack of natural cortisol Begin reducing the afternoon dose while maintaining the morning dose at the same level.
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When taking 10mg in the morning and 10mg in the afternoon, begin to decrease the afternoon dose by 2.5mg every seven days. When the afternoon dose is zero, divide the 10mg morning dose in half again. Take 5mg in the morning and 5mg in the afternoon. Continue decreasing the afternoon dose by 2.5mg every seven or more days until the afternoon dose is again reduced to zero. Upon reaching 5mg per day, proceed more slowly. At this point, the adrenal glands need to be producing natural cortisol, as the Prednisone is no longer providing enough corticosteroid to keep the body functioning properly.
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At 5mg per day, it is usually advisable to reduce by only ½ mg at a time. Remain at each new dose level for periods of not less than one week. Take 2.5mg in the morning and 2.5mg in the afternoon. Decrease the afternoon dose by ½ mg every one week. When the afternoon dose is again reduced to zero, split the morning dose in half again and continue decreasing the afternoon dose by ½ mg as symptoms allow. Repeat the process until the dose is reduced to zero.
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Thanks