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Pancreas and diabetes PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical presentation on Hereditary Pancreatitis, which is titled "Pancreas & diabetes", to know about pancreas and diabetes.

Tags : Hereditary Pancreatitis, Pancreas, diabetes

Published on : May 18, 2021 | Views : 2607 | Downloads : 21

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Slide 1-

Pancreas & diabetes Željka Kušter Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat
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Anatomy Retroperitoneal abdominal organ Exocrine and endocrine cells lobules ducts pancreatic duct
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Exocrine function Acinar cells - exocrine cells of the pancreas that produce and transport digestive enzymes Amylase, lipase, phospholipase, proteases (trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen)
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Endocrine function Islets of Langerhans - endocrine cells of the pancreas that produce and secrete hormones into the bloodstream Glucagon - Alpha cells (A cells) - raises the level of glucose (sugar) in the blood Insulin - Beta cells (B cells) - stimulates cells to use glucose Somatostatin - Delta cells (D cells) - regulate the secretion of glucagons and insulin
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Pancreatitis Inflammation of the pancreas
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Acute pancreatitis Pancreas suddenly becomes inflamed Causes: Gallstones Ethanol Trauma Steroids Mumps Autoimmune Scorpion venom Hyperlipidaemia, hypothermia ↑Ca2+ ERCP Drugs
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Symptoms epigastric and central abdominal pain vomiting and nausea swollen and tender abdomen fever dehydration and low blood pressure Diagnosis medical history and physical exam blood test: ↑ amylase, lipase abdominal ultrasound, EUS, CT scan
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Treatment nothing to eat or drink intravenous fluids analgesia ERCP and gallstone removal Complications shock, ARDS, renal failure, DIC, sepsis, ↓Ca2+ pancreatic necrosis, pseudocyst, abscesses, bleeding, thrombosis
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Chronic pancreatitis inflammation of the pancreas - gets worse over time and leads to permanent damage Causes: many years of alcohol use hereditary disorders of the pancreas cystic fibrosis haemochromatosis autoimmune conditions
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Symptoms nausea and vomiting weight loss diarrhea steatorrhea Diagnosis medical history and physical exam abdominal ultrasound, CT scan, MRCP, ERCP
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Treatment drugs - analgesia, lipase, fat-soluble vitamins diet surgery – pancreatectomy pancreaticojejunostomy Complications pseudocyst, diabetes, biliary obstruction, local arterial aneurysm, splenic vein thrombosis
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Diabetes increased level of glucose in the blood (normal blood glucose level 3.5-6.0 mmol/l) Type 1 ( insulin-dependent DM, IDDM) destruction of insulin-secreting pancreatic β cells juvenile diabetes patient always needs insulin
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Type 2 (non-insulin dependent DM, NIDDM) insulin resistance Β cell dysfunction, ↓insulin secretion Causes of insulin resistance: metabolic syndrome (central obesity, hyperglycaemia, hypertension, ↓HDL cholesterol, ↑triglycerides) renal failure pregnancy cystic fibrosis polycystic ovarian syndrome
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Mechanisms of insulin resistance: post-receptor defects in insulin action gene mutation circulating autoantibodies
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Diagnosis blood glucose level urine sample HbA1c test
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Treatment: diet oral hypoglycaemics
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insulin injections (long-acting, short-acting, rapid-acting) insulin pen insulin pump therapy
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Complications
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diabetec ketoacidosis hypoglycaemia diabetic retinopathy
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atherosclerosis (heart disease and stroke) neuropathy (diabetic foot care)
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Diabetes risk factors Age over 45 years Diabetes during a previous pregnancy Excess body weight Family history of diabetes Dyslipidaemia Hypertension Low activity level Metabolic syndrome Polycystic ovarian syndrome Acanthosis nigricans