Download Free Medical Musculoskeletal System and Adult Nursing PowerPoint Presentation

Musculoskeletal System and Adult Nursing PowerPoint Presentation

DOWNLOAD MEDICAL POWERPOINT PRESENTATION

About This Presentation

Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "Musculoskeletal system and adult nursing” by Myrna Williamson, MSN, RN, OCN.

This medical PowerPoint presentation is about the age related changes in the musculoskeletal system. These changes in the musculoskeletal system can affect a persons quality of life, making it important to maintain a healthy lifestyle and engage in regular physical activity to help slow down the rate of decline.

Tags : Musculoskeletal system, adult nursing, Geriatrics, Geriatric Medicine, Geriatrics PowerPoint presentation

Published on : May 09, 2023 | Views : 2302 | Downloads : 4

Shareable Url :

Embed Code :

Comment

Transcript

Slide 1-

MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM MODULE I NURSING 105: ADULT NURSING Myrna Williamson, MSN, RN, OCN
Slide 2-

In the very young… The skeleton is composed of mostly cartilage and is therefore, pliable with a decreased incidence of bone fractures and breakage in childhood
Slide 3-

Mature Bone Rigid connective tissue consisting of cells; Collagen Calcium Phosphate
Slide 4-

SKELETON From Herlihy, B. & Maebius, N. (2000). The human body in health and illness. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
Slide 5-

SKELETON AXIAL PORTION Cranium Vertebrae Ribs APPENDICULAR PORTION Limbs Shoulders Hips
Slide 6-

ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY REVIEW Structure & Function Skeletal System Bone Formation, Maintenance, Healing Articular System Joints – synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, & diarthrosis Skeletal Muscle System Contraction Tone Actions Exercise, Disuse, & Repair
Slide 7-

Bone Cells Osteogenic Cells Osteoblasts Osteocytes Osteoclasts
Slide 8-

Bone Formation & Maintenance Ossification Resorption & Formation Local stress Vit. D Parathyroid hormone Calcitonin Blood supply
Slide 9-

TYPES OF BONES From Herlihy, B. & Maebius, N. (2000). The human body in health and illness. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
Slide 10-

SPONGY BONE Located in the ends of long bones and the center of flat and irregular bones Can withstand forces applied in many directions
Slide 11-

DENSE (COMPACT) BONE Covers spongy bone Cylinder around a central marrow cavity Can withstand force predominantly in one direction
Slide 12-

SPONGY BONE AND COMPACT BONE From Herlihy, B. & Maebius, N. (2000). The human body in health and illness. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
Slide 13-

FUNCTIONS OF BONE Framework Support Movement Shape Maintain Position Attachment of Muscles Protects Organs Storage Hematopoiesis Remodeling Reformation Movable Joints
Slide 14-

CHARACTERISTICS OF JOINTS Allow the movement between bones Formed where two bones join Surfaces are covered with cartilage Enclosed in a capsule
Slide 15-

Classification of Joints A-C; Synarthrotic (immovable) & amphiarthrotic (slightly movable) joints. D-E: Diarthrodial (freely movable) joints
Slide 16-

Types of Diarthrodial Joints Hinge Ball & Socket Pivot Condyloid Saddle Gliding
Slide 17-

SYNOVIAL JOINT From Applegate E: The Anatomy and Physiology Learning System, ed. 2, Philadelphia, 2000, W.B. Saunders.
Slide 18-

SYNOVIAL JOINT OF THE KNEE From Herlihy, B. & Maebius, N. (2000). The human body in health and illness. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
Slide 19-

ANTERIOR VIEW OF MAJOR MUSCLES From Herlihy, B. & Maebius, N. (2000). The human body in health and illness. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
Slide 20-

POSTERIOR VIEW OF MAJOR MUSCLES From Herlihy, B. & Maebius, N. (2000). The human body in health and illness. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
Slide 21-

SKELETAL MUSCLE From Herlihy, B. & Maebius, N. (2000). The human body in health and illness. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
Slide 22-

Neuromuscular Junction
Slide 23-

CHARACTERISTICS OF MUSCLES Made up of bundles of muscle fibers Provide the force to move bones Assist in maintaining posture Assist with heat production
Slide 24-

4 Steps of Muscle Contraction Excitation Coupling Contraction Relaxation
Slide 25-

Body Movements Flexion Extension Abduction Adduction Rotation Circumduction Supination Pronation Inversion Eversion Protraction Retraction
Slide 26-

Age Related Changes of Musculoskeletal System Bones Muscles Joints Ligaments
Slide 27-

Nursing Assessment Health History Initial Interview Assessment Data Pain Altered Sensations
Slide 28-

Nursing Assessment Physical Assessment Posture Gait Bone Integrity Joint Function Muscle Strength & Size Skin Neurovascular Status
Slide 29-

RISK FACTORS Autoimmune disorders Calcium deficiency Degenerative conditions Falls Hyperuricemia Infection
Slide 30-

RISK FACTORS (Continued) Medications Metabolic disorders Neoplastic disorders Obesity Postmenopausal states Trauma and injury
Slide 31-

Diagnostic Evaluation Imaging Procedures X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Arthrography Bone Densitometry
Slide 32-

Diagnostic Evaluation Nuclear Studies Bone Scan Endoscopic Studies Arthroscopy Other Studies Arthrocentesis Electromyography Biopsy Laboratory Studies (CBC) Urinalysis (Calcium) Blood Chemistry Serum Calcium Serum Phosphate Uric Acid Serum Creatinine LDH, SGOT, CPK
Slide 33-

X-RAYS DESCRIPTION IMPLEMENTATION
Slide 34-

ARTHROCENTESIS DESCRIPTION IMPLEMENTATION
Slide 35-

ARTHROGRAM DESCRIPTION IMPLEMENTATION Arthrogram of the Knee
Slide 36-

ARTHROSCOPY DESCRIPTION IMPLEMENTATION
Slide 37-

BONE SCAN DESCRIPTION IMPLEMENTATION
Slide 38-

BONE OR MUSCLE BIOPSY DESCRIPTION IMPLEMENTATION Muscle Biopsy Showing Polymyositis
Slide 39-

ELECTROMYOGRAPHY (EMG) From Mourad LA (1991) Orthopedic disorders. St. Louis: Mosby.
Slide 40-

MYELOGRAM From Herlihy B, Maebius NK: The human body in health and illness, Philadelphia, 2000, W.B. Saunders.
Slide 41-

MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES Skeletal Trauma Injuries to Support Structures
Slide 42-

Fractures Described according to location and type
Slide 43-

Types of Fractures Complete or Incomplete Open (formerly referred to as compound) Closed (formerly referred to as simple)
Slide 44-

Complete Fractures Linear Oblique Transverse Spiral
Slide 45-

Complete Fractures Comminuted Impacted Pathologic Avulsion
Slide 46-

Complete Fractures Compression Displaced Extracapsular Intracapsular
Slide 47-

Incomplete Fractures Greenstick Torus Bowing fracture Transchondral fracture Stress Fractures
Slide 48-

TYPES OF FRACTURES From Ignativicius, D. & Workman, M. (2002). Medical-surgical nursing, ed 4, Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
Slide 49-

Types of Fractures
Slide 50-

Pathophysiology of a Fracture Tissue Disrupted Bleeding Occurs Hematoma Forms Bone Tissue
Slide 51-

Healing of a Fracture Inflammatory response Vascular tissue Bone-forming cells Callus formation Osteoblasts Remodeling
Slide 52-

Speed of Healing Hematoma formation – within hours Procallus – within days Callus formation – within weeks Replacement and remodeling – up to 4 years
Slide 53-

Fractures – Clinical Manifestations Impaired function Deformity (unnatural alignment) Swelling Muscle spasm Tenderness Pain Impaired sensation
Slide 54-

FRACTURE OF AN EXTREMITY ASSESSMENT INITIAL CARE
Slide 55-

INTERVENTIONS FOR A FRACTURE Reduction Fixation Traction Casts
Slide 56-

Fractures - Treatment Reduction Closed manipulation Traction (skin or skeletal) Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), (insertion of prosthesis, screw, plate, nail or wire).
Slide 57-

CLOSED REDUCTION From Black, J., Hawks, J., and Keene, A. (2001). Medical-surgical nursing, ed 6, Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
Slide 58-

INTERNAL FIXATION From Browner BB et al (1992) Skeletal trauma. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
Slide 59-

Types of Internal Fixation for a Hip Fracture
Slide 60-

EXTERNAL FIXATION From Ignatavicius, D., Workman, M. (2002). Medical-surgical nursing, ed 3, Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. Courtesy of Smith and Nephew, Inc., Orthopedics Division, Memphis, TN.
Slide 61-

TYPES OF HIP FRACTURES Intracapsular Extracapsular
Slide 62-

HIP REPLACEMENTS From Mosby’s Medical, Nursing, and Allied Health Dictionary, ed 6, (2002). St. Louis: Mosby. Courtesy of Zimmer, Inc., Warsaw, IN.
Slide 63-

TOTAL HIP REPLACEMENT From Beare PG, Myers JL (1998): Adult Health Nursing, ed. 3 St. Louis: Mosby.
Slide 64-

HIP FRACTURE POSTOPERATIVE CARE CLIENT EDUCATION
Slide 65-

TOTAL KNEE REPLACEMENT DESCRIPTION POSTOPERATIVE CARE
Slide 66-

KNEE PROSTHESIS From Black, J., Hawks, J., and Keene, A. (2001). Medical-surgical nursing, ed 6, Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
Slide 67-

CONTINUOUS PASSIVE MOTION
Slide 68-

CASTS
Slide 69-

Cast Care Educate Apply Ice Instruct Prevent Attend
Slide 70-

TRACTION DESCRIPTION IMPLEMENTATION
Slide 71-

SKELETAL TRACTION DESCRIPTION IMPLEMENTATION
Slide 72-

SKIN TRACTION DESCRIPTION Traction applied by the use of elastic bandages or adhesive Side Arm
Slide 73-

CERVICAL SKIN TRACTION From James, S. Ashwill, R., & Droske, S. (2002). Nursing care of children, ed 2, Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
Slide 74-

HEAD HALTER TRACTION From Black JM, Matassarin-Jacobs E (1993) Luckman and Sorensen’s medical-surgical nursing: a psychophysiologic approach, 4th ed., Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
Slide 75-

BUCK’S SKIN TRACTION From Black JM, Matassarin-Jacobs E (1993) Luckman and Sorensen’s medical-surgical nursing: a psychophysiologic approach, 4th ed., Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
Slide 76-

PELVIC SKIN TRACTION From Black JM, Matassarin-Jacobs E (1993) Luckman and Sorensen’s medical-surgical nursing: a psychophysiologic approach, 4th ed., Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
Slide 77-

BALANCED SUSPENSION From Black JM, Matassarin-Jacobs E (1993) Luckman and Sorensen’s medical-surgical nursing: a psychophysiologic approach, 4th ed., Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
Slide 78-

DUNLOP’S SKIN TRACTION From Mosby’s Medical, Nursing, and Allied Health Dictionary, ed 6, (2002). St. Louis: Mosby.
Slide 79-

COMPLICATIONS OF FRACTURES Fat embolism Compartment syndrome Infection and osteomyelitis Avascular necrosis Pulmonary emboli Venous thrombosis Delayed union & nonunion
Slide 80-

FAT EMBOLISM DESCRIPTION ASSESSMENT IMPLEMENTATION
Slide 81-

COMPARTMENT SYNDROME
Slide 82-

INFECTION AND OSTEOMYELITIS DESCRIPTION ASSESSMENT IMPLEMENTATION
Slide 83-

AVASCULAR NECROSIS DESCRIPTION ASSESSMENT IMPLEMENTATION
Slide 84-

PULMONARY EMBOLISM DESCRIPTION Caused by immobility precipitated by a fracture
Slide 85-

Venous Thrombosis Description Assessment Implementation
Slide 86-

Delayed Union & Nonunion Description Assessment Implementation
Slide 87-

Other Skeletal Trauma Dislocation Subluxation Injuries to Support Structures Tendon tear Ligament tear Strain Sprain Avulsion Tendonitis Bursitis
Slide 88-

Soft Tissue Injury of Hip
Slide 89-

CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME Associated with occupations that require continuous wrist movement.
Slide 90-

Sports-Related Injuries Rotator Cuff Tears Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow) Lateral & Medial Collateral Ligament Injury Anterior & Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Meniscal Injuries Rupture of Achilles Tendon
Slide 91-

CRUTCH WALKING
Slide 92-

CRUTCH GAITS From Mosby’s Medical, Nursing, and Allied Health Dictionary, ed 6, (2002). St. Louis: Mosby.
Slide 93-

SINGLE- AND QUAD-FOOT CANES From Beare PG, Myers JL (1998): Adult Health Nursing, ed. 3 St. Louis: Mosby.
Slide 94-

WALKERS
Slide 95-

HERNIATION: INTERVERTEBRAL DISC
Slide 96-

CERVICAL DISC CERVICAL COLLAR
Slide 97-

LUMBAR DISC DESCRIPTION IMPLEMENTATION
Slide 98-

LOW BACK CARE From Black, J., Hawks, J., and Keene, A. (2001). Medical-surgical nursing, ed 6, Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
Slide 99-

TYPES OF DISC SURGERY CHEMOLYSIS DISCECTOMY DISCECTOMY WITH FUSION LAMINOTOMY LAMINECTOMY
Slide 100-

DISC SURGERY PREOPERATIVE POSTOPERATIVE: CERVICAL DISC POSTOPERATIVE: LUMBAR DISC
Slide 101-

AMPUTATION OF A LOWER EXTREMITY DESCRIPTION The surgical removal of a lower limb or part of the limb
Slide 102-

AMPUTATION FLAPS From Beare PG, Myers JL (1998): Adult Health Nursing, ed. 3 St. Louis: Mosby.
Slide 103-

AMPUTATION OF A LOWER EXTREMITY POSTOPERATIVE Monitor vital signs Monitor for infection and hemorrhage Mark bleeding and drainage on the dressing if it occurs Keep a tourniquet at the bedside Monitor for pulmonary emboli
Slide 104-

STUMP WRAPPING From Black, J., Hawks, J., and Keene, A. (2001). Medical-surgical nursing, ed 6, Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
Slide 105-

BELOW-THE-KNEE AMPUTATION POSTOPERATIVE Prevent edema Do not allow the stump to hang over the edge of the bed Do not allow the client to sit for long periods of time to prevent contractures
Slide 106-

ABOVE-THE-KNEE AMPUTATION POSTOPERATIVE Prevent internal or external rotation of the limb Place a sandbag or rolled towel along the outside of the thigh to prevent rotation
Slide 107-

DISORDERS OF BONE Metabolic Bones Diseases Infectious Bone Disease Bone Tumors
Slide 108-

Infectious Bone Disease: Osteomyelitis Difficult to treat Physical disability Bacteria Exogenous Endogenous
Slide 109-

OSTEOMYELITIS DESCRIPTION ASSESSMENT IMPLEMENTATION
Slide 110-

Bone Tumors Incidence Signs & Symptoms Diagnosis
Slide 111-

DISORDERS OF JOINTS Noninflammatory joint disease Inflammatory joint disease
Slide 112-

INFLAMMATORY JOINT DISEASE Rheumatoid arthritis Ankylosing Spondylitis Gouty arthritis
Slide 113-

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA) DESCRIPTION ASSESSMENT
Slide 114-

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS From Lemmi FO, Lemmi CAE: Physical assessment findings CD-ROM, Philadelphia, 2000, W.B. Saunders. MUSCLE ATROPHY BOUTONNIERE DEFORMITY SWAN NECK DEFORMITY
Slide 115-

RHEUMATOID NODULE From Lemmi FO, Lemmi CAE: Physical assessment findings CD-ROM, Philadelphia, 2000, W.B. Saunders.
Slide 116-

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA) NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS (NSAIDs) CORTICOSTEROIDS ANTINEOPLASTIC MEDICATIONS GOLD SALTS
Slide 117-

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA) PHYSICAL MOBILITY SELF-CARE
Slide 118-

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA) FATIGUE BODY IMAGE DISTURBANCE
Slide 119-

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA) SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS SYNOVECTOMY ARTHRODESIS JOINT REPLACEMENT (ARTHROPLASTY)
Slide 120-

Ankylosing Spondylitis Chronic Inflammatory Disease Systemic autoimmune disease Differs from RA Signs & Symptoms Treatment
Slide 121-

GOUTY JOINT Description Phases Assessment Implementation
Slide 122-

GOUT From Clinical Slide Collection of the Rheumatic Diseases, © 1991,1995,1997. Used with permission of the American College of Rheumatology.
Slide 123-

Noninflammatory Joint Disease Degenerative joint disease (osteoarthritis) is the most common
Slide 124-

OSTEOARTHRITIS DESCRIPTION Also known as degenerative joint disease (DJD) JOINT CHANGES IN OSTEOARTHRITIS
Slide 125-

OSTEOARTHRITIS From Kamal A, Brockelhurst J: Color atlas of geriatric medicine, ed. 2, St. Louis, 1991, Mosby. SEVERE OSTEOARTHRITIS HEBERDEN’S NODES BOUCHARD’S NODES
Slide 126-

OSTEOARTHRITIS PHYSICAL MOBILITY
Slide 127-

OSTEOARTHRITISSURGICAL INTERVENTIONS OSTEOTOMY TOTAL JOINT REPLACEMENT (TJR)
Slide 128-

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AND OSTEOARTHRITIS CLIENT EDUCATION Assist Instruct Review
Slide 129-

Metabolic Bone Diseases Osteoporosis Osteomalacia Paget’s Disease
Slide 130-

OSTEOPOROSIS DOWAGER’S HUMP
Slide 131-

OSTEOPOROTIC CHANGES From Black, J., Hawks, J., and Keene, A. (2001). Medical-surgical nursing, ed 6, Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.
Slide 132-

SEVERE OSTEOPOROSIS From Lemmi FO, Lemmi CAE: Physical assessment findings CD-ROM, Philadelphia, 2000, W.B. Saunders.
Slide 133-

MILWAUKEE BRACE From Mosby’s Medical, Nursing, and Allied Health Dictionary, ed 6, (2002). St. Louis: Mosby.
Slide 134-

OSTEOMALACIA Metabolic disease Bone volume unchanged Osteomalacia – adults Rickets - children
Slide 135-

Paget’s Disease Osteitis Deformans Increased metabolic activity Usually no TX Affects men and women equally
Slide 136-

Nursing Diagnoses Knowledge Deficit Impaired Physical Mobility Self-care Deficit Risk for Infection Impaired Skin Integrity Imbalanced Nutrition Acute/Chronic Pain
Slide 137-

THE END OF MUSCULOSKELETAL