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Description : Check out this medical presentation on Scabies, which is titled "Mites and Humans", to know about mites affecting humans.

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Published on : Jul 07, 2021 | Views : 2461 | Downloads : 2

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Slide 1-

Mites and Humans Chapter 25 Announcements About the test … Speaking today: Carolina Escomilla Speaking Thursday: Morgan Biggerstaff Next Tuesday: April Nipper Guest Lecture Thursday: Dr. Lee Townsend Read Chapter 26 for Thursday: Ticks Read Chapter 24 for next Tuesda: Spiders
Slide 2-

Mites Class Arachnida, Subclass Acari This subclass includes the ticks (next lecture). Note: There is a discrepancy in the taxonomy of ticks between Chaps 25 & 26. We will follow that of Chap 26. This lecture discusses the non-tick groups of the Acari One of the most common but least recognized sources of arthropod-borne human suffering in the US. Very large group. Includes many plant pests, beneficial species, and external parasites of other arthropods. An important characteristic of the group is the ability to rapidly develop resistance to chemical insecticides. Although small, they can typically endure extremely adverse environments. This is why they sometimes create acariasis.
Slide 3-

Mite Morphology Most have piercing/sucking mouthparts, some have chewing mouthparts. All are different from insects Most are 8-legged except for the 1st instar which is 6-legged. All are extremely tiny. A big one is the size of a period in your textbook. Some adults live inside hair follicles. Some live inside trachea of insects.
Slide 4-

Identification Only a few specialists are adept at it. Based on external morphology setal pattern mouthparts reproductive organs
Slide 5-

Mites of Medical Importance Acariasis - rare Allergies – extremely common Dermatitis Skin-Invading Mites (follicle, Sarcoptes) Disease Transmission Psychological Disorders
Slide 6-

Allergies & House Dust Mites
Slide 7-

House Dust Mites Extremely common & prolific Body fragments & fecal material are allergens Many products/services available allergy control Many of these promote claims that have become urban legends: Pillow weight & HDM Feather pillows are worse than synthetic – opposite is true Many more myths here
Slide 8-

Chiggers & Dermatitis Mites in the family trombiculidae Pierce skin, suck fluid Only the 1st instar larvae feed on humans, other stadia are predators In our area, most common in late spring/early summer. Especially common near flower beds
Slide 9-

Skin-Invading Follicle Mites Demodex spp. mites. Host specific – most common human species are D. folliculorum & D. brevis Lives in pores of hair follicles, esp. on the face & esp in eyelashes Incidence increases with age
Slide 10-

Skin-Invading Sarcoptes Sarcoptes scabiei is the human scabies mite. Also cause mange in many animals. Clinical forms of scabies: Papular Bullous Nodular Crusted
Slide 11-

Papular Scabies – most common Pruritic rash means an itching rash.
Slide 12-

Bullous Scabies
Slide 13-

Nodular Scabies
Slide 14-

Norwegian or Crusted Scabies
Slide 15-

Mange is a bigger Vet problem Demodectic Mange (Red Mange) Caused by follicle mites Host loses control because of another problem Not normally contagious Sarcoptic Mange Caused by Sarcoptes mites Highly contagious Demodectic Sarcoptic
Slide 16-

Pathogens Transmitted by Mites Rickettsialpox Transmitted by house mouse mite A spotted fever rickettsia Papule dries, becomes scab (eschar) Generic systemic symptoms Scrub Typhus (Tsutsugamushi) Transmitted by various chigger spp. Different spp. have different seasonal/geographic distributions. Chiggers themselves are reservoirs. Rickettsialpox eschar
Slide 17-

Scrub Typhus primarily a problem in Asia & Pacific Islands (inc. Aust.)
Slide 18-

Fly Management Continued
Slide 19-

Spinosyns for Diptera Control Different mode of action from other nerve poisons (mostly used on adults) Wide use in agriculture Can be used in rotation with other larvicides Classified as “Reduced Risk” Active area of work with new applications still being found. e.g. promotion of wound healing.
Slide 20-

Larvicides: Insect Growth Regulators Methoprene is the most common. Advantages – Harmless to non-insects, inexpensive, rapid acting Disadvantage – no additional effect on adults, affects other insects (including beneficials) Examples PreStrike Granules
Slide 21-

Larvicides: Microbial Agents Bacillus sphaericus & Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) Advantages Non-target Safety Control for 30+ days Disadvantages Short window of treatment opportunity May have disagreeable odor/appearance Examples Mosquito Dunks Mosquito Quick Kill Granules VectoLex
Slide 22-

Larvicides: Physical Smothering Agents “Suffocates” mosquito Advantage: Also acts on pupae and ovipositing adults Can be used to treat very large areas Disadvantage: Oil film Subsurface larvae Examples: BVA, Golden Bear Agnique (monomolecular)
Slide 23-

Adult Fly Management Personal Protection Exclusion (buildings, small areas) Insecticides Residual Non-residual Other Trapping in sensitive areas Mating Disruption
Slide 24-

Personal Protection Stay indoors at dusk & during evening hours Long shirts and pants Repellants Deet: N,N-diethyl-metatoluamide 30% Non-deet: Eucalyptus oil Avon Skin-So-Soft Citronella oil
Slide 25-

Repellents – Two Types Personal Small Space Protects a single individual Effective Range ~ 1 foot Protects a small group of people Effective Range ~ 10 feet
Slide 26-

Mechanical Exclusion Shut them out Netting and Screening 16-18 mesh
Slide 27-

Adulticides Nonresidual Area Sprays Contact insecticides, droplets must make direct contact with mosquito Dominant Products Sumethrin + PBO (Anvil) Resmethrin (Scourge)
Slide 28-

Non-residual adulticiding is used for large-area space treatments using ULV equipment ULV = “Ultra Low Volume” Very small droplets;8 to 30 microns Prefer low air currents: 3.2 kph to 12.9 kph Excessive wind & updrafts reduce control but some is necessary for dispersal Disadvantages: Gets everywhere: in residences, on food, etc. Expensive Products may act by temporary repellency
Slide 29-

Perimeter treatments use residual pyrethroids “Pyrethroids” synthetic derivatives of chrysanthemum extracts Advantages Provides weeks of control Residual but do not move in the food chain Disadvantages Extensive non-target arthropod effects Fairly expensive