Download Free Medical Lipid Associated Disorders PowerPoint Presentation

Lipid Associated Disorders PowerPoint Presentation

DOWNLOAD MEDICAL POWERPOINT PRESENTATION

About This Presentation

Description : Check out this medical titled "Lipid Associated Disorders".

This medical talks about lipid-associated disorders, a group of medical conditions that are caused by abnormal levels of lipids, or fats, in the blood. These disorders can affect the heart, blood vessels, and other organs, and are a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke. Some of the most common lipid-associated disorders include Hyperlipidemia, Atherosclerosis, Familial hypercholesterolemia, Hypertriglyceridemia, Lipoprotein(a) excess, and Mixed hyperlipidemia, etc.

Tags : lipid-associated disorders, Hyperlipidemia, Atherosclerosis, Familial hypercholesterolemia, Hypertriglyceridemia, Lipoprotein excess, Mixed hyperlipidemia, endocrinology, endocrinology

Published on : Apr 21, 2023 | Views : 1702 | Downloads : 4

Shareable Url :

Embed Code :

Comment

Transcript

Slide 1-

Lipid Associated DisordersOR Lipid Related Clinical Problems
Slide 2-

Obesity- Metabolic Syndrome Dyslipoproteinemias/Dyslipidemias Fatty Liver Atherosclerosis Coronary Heart Diseases Myocardial Infarction Stroke
Slide 3-

Causes of Lipid Associated Disorders Diseases associated with abnormal lipid concentrations may be due to: Nutritional Imbalances Lifestyle habits Genetic abnormalities Secondary causes as a consequence of other disease
Slide 4-

Disorders Of LipoproteinsDyslipoproteinemias/Dyslipidemias
Slide 5-

Types Of Lipoprotein DisordersHyperlipoproteinemiasAndHypolipoproteinemias
Slide 6-

Dyslipoproteinemias/ Dyslipidemias Dyslipoproteinemias can be subdivided into two major categories Hyperlipoproteinemias Hypercholesterolemia Hypertriglyceridemia Combined Hyperlipoproteinemia Hypolipoproteinemias
Slide 7-

Hyperlipoproteinemia Hyperlipoproteinemia is an abnormal condition With an increased abnormal levels of circulating Lipoproteins in blood.
Slide 8-

Dyslipidemias Dyslipidemias are due to defect in Lipoprotein metabolism May include both excess and deficiency of Lipoproteins. Associated mostly in increase of one or more Lipid forms in blood circulation.
Slide 9-

Classification Of Dyslipidemias Based On Number Of Gene Involvement
Slide 10-

Primary Hyperlipoproteinemia Monogenic defect Polygenic Defect
Slide 11-

Monogenic Disorders Familial Hypercholesterolemia Homozygous or Heterozygous Defect: inactive LDL receptor Familial Lipoprotein Lipase deficiency Defect: inactive lipoprotein lipase Familial combined Hyperlipidemia Defect: Unknown
Slide 12-

Polygenic/Multifactorial These are commonly encountered Hypercholesterolemia Hypertriglyceridemia
Slide 13-

Causes Of Dyslipoproteinemias/ Dyslipidemias Dyslipidemias are generally caused by impaired Lipoprotein metabolism : Biosynthesis (Increased) Transformation and Transport (Improper ) Uptake and Utilization (Decreased)
Slide 14-

Causes of Hyperlipoproteinemia Increased formation of Lipoprotein Reduced clearance of LP from circulation Factors Causing These Excessive dietary intake of Carbs and Lipids Biochemical defects in LP metabolism Deficient Protein to form Apoproteins Defect in Enzymes and Proteins Associated to LP Defect in Receptors for LP Use of drugs that perturb LP formation or catabolism
Slide 15-

ppt slide no 15 content not found
Slide 16-

ppt slide no 16 content not found
Slide 17-

ppt slide no 17 content not found
Slide 18-

Secondary Causes Of Dyslipidemias
Slide 19-

ppt slide no 19 content not found
Slide 20-

Types of Hyperlipoproteinemias
Slide 21-

Fredrickson Classification of Hyperlipoproteinemia
Slide 22-

ppt slide no 22 content not found
Slide 23-

ppt slide no 23 content not found
Slide 24-

ppt slide no 24 content not found
Slide 25-

ppt slide no 25 content not found
Slide 26-

Deficiency Of Lipoprotein Lipase Leads To Familial Type I Hyperlipoproteinemia
Slide 27-

Defect in Lipoprotein Lipase activity Does not clear circulating Chylomicrons and VLDL; Increases levels of circulating Chylomicrons and VLDL Associated Hypertriglyceridemia This is termed as Familial Type I Hyperlipoproteinemia.
Slide 28-

Type I Hyperlipoproteinemias Shows a dramatic accumulation (≥1000 mg/dl) of Chylomicrons and VLDL in plasma
Slide 29-

Usually associated with acute abdomen pain due to acute pancreatitis  plasma TAG even in the fasted state
Slide 30-

Type III Hyperlipoproteinemia Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia Due to Apo E deficiency Associated with Hypercholesterolemia & premature Atherosclerosis
Slide 31-

Hypolipoproteinemias
Slide 32-

Hypolipoproteinemias Hypolipoproteinemias are abnormal conditions With decreased levels of circulating Lipoproteins in blood.
Slide 33-

Conditions Of Hypolipoproteinemias Decreased synthesis of Lipoproteins Deficiency of Lipotropic factors required for Lipoprotein biosynthesis.
Slide 34-

Types Of Hypolipoproteinemias
Slide 35-

Familial Hypobetalipoproteinemia Impairment in synthesis of Apo B Characterized with low LDL levels.
Slide 36-

Abeta Lipoproteinemia Rare disorder No synthesis of Apo B (Total Absence) Absence of LDL (Beta Lipoprotein) in blood circulation Defect in TAG-transfer protein Accumulation of TAG in liver
Slide 37-

Familial Alpha Lipoprotein DeficiencyTangiers Disease Absence of HDL (Alpha Lipoprotein) in blood Affects severely Reverse transport of Cholesterol Hypercholesterolemia Increased risk of Atherosclerosis and its Complications.
Slide 38-

Combined Hyperlipoproteinemia Presence of elevated levels of both serum Total Cholesterol and Triacylglycerols. Genetic form of this condition Familial Combined Hyperlipoproteinemia (FCH) Type V Hyperlipoproteinemia An accumulation of Cholesterol-rich VLDL and Chylomicron remnants as a result of defective catabolism of those particles 38
Slide 39-

Diagnosis And Therapeutic Strategy Of Dyslipidemias
Slide 40-

Identify patients at risk 1. Routine screening of Serum Lipid profile 2. Assessment of contributing risk factors Non-Pharmacologic therapy 1. Diet modification 2. Lifestyle modification C. Pharmacologic therapy
Slide 41-

Lipids and lipoproteins are important indicators of CHD risk, This is major reason for their measurement in research, as well as in clinical practice.
Slide 42-

Lipid Profile and Lipoprotein Analyses
Slide 43-

Estimation Of Lipid Profile Serum Triacylglycerol Serum Total Cholesterol Serum VLDL Serum LDL Cholesterol Serum HDL Cholesterol
Slide 44-

Hypertriglyceridemia Serum Triacylglycerol Borderline = 150-200 mg/ dl High 200-500 mg/dl Very High > 500 mg/dl Familial Hypertriglyceridemia Genetic Secondary Hypertriglyceridemia Hormonal imbalances Imbalance between synthesis and clearance of VLDL 44
Slide 45-

Hypertriglyceridemia Generally caused by deficiency of LPL or LPL cofactor. LPL hydrolyzes TAG in Chylomicrons and VLDL Deficiency of LPL prevents processing and clearing of Lipoproteins. Elevated even with fasting condition. 45
Slide 46-

Hypercholesterolemia Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) Homozygous rare 1/million Total cholesterol 800-1000 mg/dl Heart attack as early as teenage years Heterozygous cholesterols 300-600 mg/dl Heart attacks 20-50 years
Slide 47-

Hypercholesterolemia Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) Primarily LDL elevations Synthesis is normal but decrease or lack LDL receptors Therefore LDL builds-up in serum Since cells cannot acquire from LDL increase internal synthesis
Slide 48-

LDL Methods Friedewald Calculation VLDL is estimated as TAG/5 LDL = Total Cholesterol – HDL – TAG/5
Slide 49-

Lipoprotein Assay Methods Separate Lipoprotein Fractions By: Electrophoresis – Agarose or Polyacrylamide Chromatographic Precipitation Ultracentrifugation Immunochemical
Slide 50-

Serum Triglycerides
Slide 51-

Serum Total Cholesterol 200-239 mg/dL
Slide 52-

HDL Cholesterol
Slide 53-

LDL Cholesterol
Slide 54-

Cholesterol Levels of: Healthy person = < 200 mg/dl Heterozygous individuals = 300 mg/dl Homozygous individuals = 680 mg/dl
Slide 55-

Consequences Of Dyslipoprotein Metabolism
Slide 56-

Fish Eye Disease Fatty Liver Atherosclerosis and its Complications
Slide 57-

Fish Eye Disease
Slide 58-

ppt slide no 58 content not found
Slide 59-

Fatty Liver
Slide 60-

Role Of Liver In Lipid Metabolism
Slide 61-

Liver is the Biochemical Factory of Human Body. Liver plays an important role in Lipid metabolism. Major pathways of Lipid metabolism are efficiently carried out in Liver.
Slide 62-

Lipid Metabolism At LiverIn Well Fed Condition
Slide 63-

Liver in well fed condition efficiently carries out various metabolic pathways of Lipid Metabolism. De Novo biosynthesis of Fatty acids Triacylglycerol Biosynthesis Cholesterol Biosynthesis Phospholipid Biosynthesis Glycolipid Biosynthesis VLDL Biosynthesis
Slide 64-

Lipid Metabolism At LiverIn Emergency Condition
Slide 65-

Liver in emergency condition carries following metabolic pathways of Lipid metabolism efficiently: Beta Oxidation of Fatty acids Ketogenesis Bile Acid and Bile Salt Formation
Slide 66-

Though Liver is predominant site for Lipid biosynthesis. Liver is not the storage organ for Lipids.
Slide 67-

Normally 3-5% of Lipids are present in Hepatocytes.
Slide 68-

Endogenously biosynthesized Lipids in Liver are Mobilized out in the form of VLDL molecule.
Slide 69-

Efficient formation of VLDL in Liver Does not allow the excess of Lipids to remain in Liver tissue.
Slide 70-

Fatty Liver/ Fatty Liver Disease/Hepatosteatosis
Slide 71-

What Is Fatty Liver? Fatty Liver is an abnormal condition Where there is more than 5% of Lipids retained in Hepatocytes.
Slide 72-

What Is Fatty Liver Disease? Fatty Liver disease (FLD), is a reversible condition of Liver Wherein large vacuoles of Lipids accumulate in Liver cells Via the process of Steatosis (Abnormal retention of Lipids within a cell)
Slide 73-

What Is Steatohepatitis ? Progressive inflammation of Liver (Hepatitis), Due to abnormal accumulation of Lipids(Steatosis) is termed as Hepatosteatosis/Steatohepatitis.
Slide 74-

Causes Of Fatty Liver
Slide 75-

Clinical Conditions Leading To Fatty LiverORRisks For Developing Fatty Liver
Slide 76-

Defect in Hepatic Biosynthesis of Lipids No Mobilization of Endogenously biosynthesized Lipids in Liver Accumulates Lipids in Liver
Slide 77-

Increased biosynthesis of Lipids than the mobilization capacity ,due to increased Carbohydrates. Decreased mobilization of Lipids from Liver cells due to decreased VLDL formation.
Slide 78-

Deficiency of Lipotropic factors affects The VLDL formation and mobilization of Lipids out of Hepatocytes.
Slide 79-

Conditions Leading To Fatty Liver
Slide 80-

Metabolic Syndrome Obesity Hypertension Dyslipidemias Diabetes mellitus Alcoholism Malnutrition (Deficiency of Lipotropic Factors)
Slide 81-

Wilsons Disease Hepatitis A Hepatitis C Hepatotoxic Drugs : MTX, VA, Acetaminophen, TC, Tamoxifen, Nefidepine, Amiodarone, CCl4 etc
Slide 82-

Lipotropic Factors and Their Role
Slide 83-

Adequate Presence of Lipotropic factor Prevents Retention of Lipids in LiverThere by preventing Fatty Liver.
Slide 84-

Lipotropic Factors are chemical substances which helps in formation of Phospholipids. This in turn helps in proper formation and mobilization of VLDL out from Liver.
Slide 85-

Names Of Lipotropic Factors Lipotropic Factors are chemicals involved in biosynthesis of Phospholipids: Choline Betaine forms Choline Inositol
Slide 86-

Amino Acids As Lipotropic Agents Glycine Serine Methionine
Slide 87-

Vitamins As Lipotropic Factors Vitamin B 12 Folic Acid
Slide 88-

Types Of Fatty Liver
Slide 89-

4 Types Of Fatty Liver Alcoholic Fatty Liver Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Non Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy
Slide 90-

Consequences Of Fatty Liver
Slide 91-

Fatty liver is a reversible condition and usually goes away on its own. Generally Fatty liver often has no symptoms and Does not cause any permanent damage.
Slide 92-

Consequences Of Fatty Liver
Slide 93-

Constant accumulation of abnormal excess amount of Lipids in Hepatocytes Affects the normal Liver functions Leads to Parenchymal damage to Liver Tissues Causes Liver Cirrhosis.
Slide 94-

Excess of Lipids deposition in Hepatocytes Interferes the biochemical functions Brings inflammation of Liver (Hepatitis) Changes the cytological features Damages the cell components Causes Liver Fibrosis Leads to Liver Cirrhosis Liver Carcinoma
Slide 95-

Natural History of Fatty Liver DiseaseFatty liver Steatohepatitis Steatohepatitis + Fibrosis (First Stage of Scar) Steatohepatitis + CirrhosisCryptogenic Cirrhosis
Slide 96-

When there is repeated damage to the LiverPermanent scarring of Hepatocytes takes place This is called Liver Cirrhosis
Slide 97-

Diagnostic Features OF Fatty Liver Disease
Slide 98-

Laboratory Abnormalities In Fatty Liver Disease 2 - 4 fold  ALT & AST AST: ALT Ratio < 1 ALP slight  in 1/3 Dyslipidemia -  TAG FBG and PPBG  BUN & Creatinine - N Normal Albumin. PT Low ANA + < 1 in 320  Serum Ferritin  Iron saturation AST: ALT Ratio > 1 if Cirrhosis sets in
Slide 99-

Fatty liver Normal liver