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Human Herpes Viruses-HHV PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "Human Herpes Viruses (HHV)" by Mazin Barry, MD, FRCPC, FACP, DTM&H.

This medical PowerPoint presentation talks about Human Herpesviruses (HHV), a family of viruses that infect humans and can cause a wide range of diseases. There are eight known members of the HHV family, numbered HHV-1 through HHV-8. Each member of the family has a specific set of characteristics and symptoms that are associated with it.

Tags : Human Herpes Viruses, HHV, Dermatology, Dermatology PowerPoint presentation

Published on : Mar 31, 2023 | Views : 1522 | Downloads : 2

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Human Herpes Viruses (HHV) Mazin Barry, MD, FRCPC, FACP, DTM&H Assistant Professor and Consultant Infectious Diseases KSU
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HERPES VIRUS INFECTIONS objectives: To know the clinically important HHVs. To know the common characteristics of HHVs. To know the common modes of transmission of different HHVs To know the clinical features of these infections, diagnostic methods and treatment.
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HERPES VIRUSES Herpes Simplex Virus type1 (HSV-1) Herpes Simplex Virus type2 (HSV-2) Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Human Herpes Virus 6 (HHS-6) Human Herpes Virus 7 (HHS-7) Human Herpes Virus 8 (HHS-8)
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HERPES VIRUSES Characteristics: All DNA viruses All encapsulated All have latency after the initial infection Mostly require close contact for transmission Human is the only reservoir
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HERPES VIRUSESStructure Herpesviruses have a unique four-layered structure: A core containing the large double-stranded DNA genome Genome is enclosed by an icosapentahedral capsid which is composed of capsomers The capsid is surrounded by an amorphous protein coat called the tegument It is encased in a glycoprotein-bearing lipid bilayer envelope
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Viral Replication Upon entry into the host cell nucleus, three distinct phases of gene transcription and protein synthesis are initiated producing the immediate-early, early, and late proteins Viral nucleocapsid assembly occurs within the host cell nucleus. The virus acquires its final envelope by budding into cytoplasmic vesicles
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HERPES VIRUSES HSV-1 vs HSV-2 Non-genital vs Genital Herpes infection Primary vs Recurrent infections Neonatal infection
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HERPES VIRUSES Transmission is by close contact with body secretions Exposure to HSV at mucosal surfaces or abraded skin sites permits entry of the virus and initiation of its replication in cells of the epidermis and dermis After initial infection the virus infect the sensory and autonomic nerves and become dormant in the ganglion (trigeminal nerve for HSV1 and sacral rout for HSV2)
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HSV Gingivostomatitis Gingivostomatitis and pharyngitis are the most frequent clinical manifestations of first-episode HSV-1 infection
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Herpes Labialis Recurrent herpes labialis is the most frequent clinical manifestation of reactivation HSV infection
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NON-GENITAL HSV
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GENITAL HSV Fever, headache, malaise, and myalgias. Pain, itching, dysuria, vaginal and urethral discharge, and tender inguinal lymphadenopathy
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Genital HSV Herpetic ulceration of the vulva Penile herpes simplex (HSV-2) infection
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GENITAL HSV
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Diagnosis of HSV Clinical picture Viral culture Cytology Serology PCR
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HSV TREATMENT Acyclovir, PO, IV, topical Penciclovir topical Famciclovir PO Valacyclovir PO Route, dose, duration depends on clinical picture and whether immunocompromised or competent
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Case 1 36 YO Indian professor presents to ID clinic with recurrent oral vesicular lesions that lasts for 10 to 14 days 4 to 5 lesion around his lip, slightly painful, interferes with his lecturing No fever, no oral cavity lesions Gets these episodes almost on a monthly basis, Previously diagnosed with HSV-1, took acyclovir on occasion with good results Brought on occasionally with stress You recommend ? Chronic suppressive therapy with acyclovir
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Case 2 32 YO 40 weeks pregnant lady who is in labour OB found her to have genital vesicular lesions suspected to be HSV-2 She had similar genital lesions twice in the past 4 years You recommend: C-Section if possible IV acyclovir till delivery Refer baby to neonatal ID once born
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VARICILLA ZOSTER VIRUS (VZV) Primary infection Chickenpox Recurrent infection Herpes zoster (shingles)
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VARICILLA ZOSTER VIRUS The virus is spread by the respiratory route ( airborne and contact) and replicates in the nasopharynx or upper respiratory tract. Followed by localized replication at an undefined site, which leads to seeding of the reticuloendothelial system and, ultimately, viremia. The virus establishes latency within the dorsal root ganglia.
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CHICKENPOX Overall, chickenpox is a disease of childhood, because 90% of cases occur in children younger than 13 years of age.
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VARICILLA ZOSTER Reactivation of VZV leads to VZ
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VARICILLA ZOTER
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VARICILLA ZOSTER
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VARICILLA ZOTER
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VARICILLA ZOTER
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VZV Diagnosis Clinical picture Viral culture PCR Serology
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VZV treatment Acyclovir Valacyclovir Famciclovir Prevention VZV vaccination VZV immunoglobulin (VZIG) If admitted need airborne infection isolation and contact precautions (HCW with VZV Ab IgG positive or history of chickenpox do not need PPE)
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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) The largest virus that infects human beings World wide distribution Latency after primary infection Infection ranges from asymptomatic to severe multisystemic disease
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CMVSeroepidemiology
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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Primary infection Asymptomatic Infectious mononucleosis Secondary infections in Immunocompromised patients: Pneomonitis Retinitis Colitis Multisystem
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CMV Retinitis
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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Diagnosis Diagnosis almost always depends on laboratory confirmation and cannot be made on clinical grounds alone. ♦Viral cultures from blood ,urine ,tissue. ♦Serologic tests (antigen detection) ♦ PCR
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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) TREATMENT ganciclovir foscarnet cidofovir
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Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Ubiquitous human herpes virus. By adulthood 90 to 95% of most populations are positive. Spread occurs by intimate contact between susceptible individuals and asymptomatic shedders of EBV. Mostly causes asymptomatic infections. Strong association with African Burkitt's lymphoma and Nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Infectious mononucleosis Clinical Fever, Sore throat ,Lymphadenopathy Hematologic >50% mononuclear cells >10% atypical lymphocytes Serologic Transient appearance of heterophile antibodies (weak antibodies) Permanent emergence of antibodies to EBV
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Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Diagnosis: Heterophile Antibodies (monospot test) 70–92% sensitivty and 96–100% specificity Hematologic Findings Lymphocytosis, neutropenia , thrombocytopenia EBV specific antibodies
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EBV InfectionAtypical Lymphocytes
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EBV InfectionAtypical Lymphocytes
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EBV Infection
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Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Treatment: Treatment of infectious mononucleosis is largely supportive because more than 95% of the patients recover uneventfully without specific therapy Corticosteroids
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