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Hepatocellular carcinoma PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical presentation on Liver Cancer, which is titled "Hepatocellular carcinoma", to know about hepatocellular carcinoma, its diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.

Tags : Liver Cancer, Hepatocellular carcinoma, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis

Published on : May 18, 2021 | Views : 2496 | Downloads : 7

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Slide 1-

Hepatocellular carcinoma Diagnosis, Treatment, Prognosis + Quiz Vinko Bubic Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat
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Diagnosis Physical examination - enlarged, tender liver Elevated serum alpha fetoprotein (normally : 40mg/l) Elevated liver enzymes (ALT, AST, Alpha-1 antitrypsin, serum bilirubin, urine bilirubin...)
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Diagnosis CT
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CT Computed tomography - medical imaging method employing tomography (imaging by sections or sectioning) Large series of two-dimensional X-ray images taken around a single axis of rotation, computer integration Iodine dye through vein for better visualisation (allergy)
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MRI Magnetic resonance imaging The body - mainly composed of water molecules Electromagnetic field causes protons to absorb some of its energy Scanner detects release of proton energy (tumor tissue releases different frequency) Greater contrast than CT
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Modern 3T MRI
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Biopsy Definitive diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
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Hyperchromatic, clear cells with large red cytoplasm
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Treatment Liver transplatation (cadaver liver or live donor lobe) Surgical resection (best prognosis for long-term survival, but possible in only 10-15% of cases)
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Treatment Percutaneus ethanol injection - small (< 3 cm) solitary tumors Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) - more than 3 cm and less than 4 cm in diameter Sealed source radiotherapy (brachytherapy) - radioactive source is placed inside or next to area requiring treatment
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Prior to ethanol ablation After
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Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization
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Other techniques Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) Chemotherapy (antiestrogen + tamoxifen) Cryosurgery - destruction of abnormal tissue using sub-zero temperatures
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HIFU
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Cryosurgery Iceball
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HCC complications Gastrointestinal bleeding Cachexy Portal hypertension -> esophageal bleeding Liver failure Metastasis (lymph nodes around pancreas, aorta, lungs, adrenal glands, bones) Rupture of tumor -> abdominal bleeding
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Prognosis Usually poor outcome Only 10 - 20% of hepatocellular carcinomas can be removed completely If not, disease usually deadly within 3 to 6 months
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Quiz: The definitive HCC diagnosis is confirmed by: a) spider nevus by inspection b) auscultation c) biopsy and microscopy d) MRI e) esophageal reflux
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Ethanol: a) dehydrates cells b) hydrates cells and cracks them c) activates IL-8 d) causes apoptosis e) nothing from above
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In cryotherapy, tumor is frozen by: a) flucloxacillin b) Iodine c) liquid nitrogen d) surgeon’s eye e) cocaine
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What did you eat today? This maybe? 
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Thanks ! ! !
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References: http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/liver/ http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/liver-cancer/DS00399 Medicinski leksikon, Leksikografski zavod “Miroslav Krleža”, Zagreb 1992. PATOLOGIJA, urednici Damjanov, Jukic, Nola, izdanje 2007.