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Dental Hard Tissue Discolouration - Etiology and treatment PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical presentation on Microabrasion, which is titled "Dental Hard Tissue Discolouration - Etiology and treatment", to know about tooth discolouration, primary and permanent teeth, enamel and dentin, and several possible causes of tooth discolouration.

Tags : Microabrasion, Dental Hard Tissue, Discolouration, Etiology, treatment

Published on : Jul 01, 2021 | Views : 2564 | Downloads : 6

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Slide 1-

Dental hard tissue discolouration . Etiology and treatment Dr. Déri Katalin
Slide 2-

Tooth discolouration primary / permanent teeth enamel / dentin several possible causes during development / after eruption
Slide 3-

Tooth discolouration External cause (extrinsic) Enviromental factors Can be removed Internal cause (intrinsic) Developing before /meanwhile/after eruption
Slide 4-

Extrinsic discolourations Non metallic stains : Tea, coffee, red wine, colourful fruits, tobacco, curry, saffron, soya sauce, fruit juice, candies, food containing clorophyll , mouthwashes containing chlorhexidine
Slide 5-

Extrinsic discolourations Non metallic stains : Tea, coffee, red wine, colourful fruits, tobacco, curry, saffron, soya sauce, fruit juice, candies, food containing clorophyll , mouthwashes containing chlorhexidine
Slide 6-

Extrinsic discolourations Non metallic stains : Tea, coffee, red wine, colourful fruits, tobacco, curry, saffron, soya sauce, fruit juice, candies, food containing clorophyll , mouthwashes containing chlorhexidine
Slide 7-

Extrinsic discolourations Non metallic stains: Tea, coffee, red wine, colourful fruits, tobacco, curry, saffron, soya sauce, fruit juice, candies, food containing clorophyll , mouthwashes containing chlorhexidine
Slide 8-

Extrinsic discolourations Non metallic stains : Gram-positive bacteria- Bacteroides Melaninogenicus Black stain in a line in parallel with the gingiva Hydrogen sulphide  Iron sulphide (black)
Slide 9-

Extrinsic discolourations Non metallic stains : Chromogenic bacteria- Serratia Marcescens Presence of the bacteria + Amoxicillin (long term)  extrinsic factor Presence of the bacteria during tooth development  intrinsic factor
Slide 10-

Extrinsic discolorations Non metallic stains: Greenish discoloration poor oral hygiene→bacteria+inflamed bleeding gingiva (hemoglobin) Orange discoloration Labial surface of anterior teeth Unknown origin
Slide 11-

Extrinsic discolourations Metallic stains - factors: Rare in childhood Environmental factors water-, air pollution Mouthwashes containing metals Zinc, Stannous fluoride Medication containing iron
Slide 12-

Metallic stains Iron, magnesium, silver– black pigmentation Mercury –grey or green pigmentation Lead – grey pigmentation Copper – brown or green pigmentation Bromides – brown pigmentation Nickel – green pigmentation Cadmium – yellow pigmentation Potassium – violet pigmentation
Slide 13-

External (extrinsic) discolourations Therapy: Scaling Polishing Improving oral hygiene
Slide 14-

Internal (intrinsic) discolourations Discolourations developed before /during eruption Turner-tooth Tetracycline caused discolouration Fluorosis MIH Neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia Erythroblastosis foetalis Porphyria Amelogenesis Imperfecta Dentinogenesis Imperfecta Thalassaemia
Slide 15-

Turner-tooth Causes: Periapical inflammation of the primary tooth close to the developing germ Traumatic injuries of primary incisors (intrusion) Formal and structural anomaly of the germ of permanent incisor /canine/premolar
Slide 16-

Turner-tooth
Slide 17-

Tetracycline caused discolouration Tetracycline medication in the second half of the pregnancy striped discolouration of primary and permanent teeth Tetracyclin medication under the age of 8  primary and permanent teeth discolouration Higher dosage more severe discolouration Binds to Ca-, Mg-, Fe-, Al- chelates High dose→hypoplasia Light  enhances the discolouration No tetracycline during pregnancy and under the age of 8!!!
Slide 18-

Tetracycline caused discolourations Stages : Light yellowish brownish greyish discolouration → can be bleached easily More intensive discolouration→ can be bleached Dark yellow/grey/bluish striped discolouration→ hardly can be bleached
Slide 19-

Tetracyclin caused discolouration
Slide 20-

Fluorosis Functional anomaly of ameloblasts, developing during tooth development because of too much fluoride intake Anomaly of: Enamel crystallization Enamel development Enamel maturation Severity depends on: Amount of absorbed fluoride Time of exposition Stage of tooth development Individual sensitivity
Slide 21-

Fluorosis Stages depending on the fluoride content of the water Mild: 2 ppm Medium: 3-5 ppm Severe: 5-6 ppm 1 2 3 4 5 6 Normal At issue Very mild Mild Medium Severe
Slide 22-

Fluorosis Causes: Toothpastes  fluoride content and amount should based on the age Some food: mushroom, seafood Mineral water , black tea Fluoride medication Amoxicillin  increases the risk of fluorosis 2,5 x 1 2 3 4 Very mild Mild Medium Severe
Slide 23-

Fluorosis Therapy: Microabrasion Remineralisation Regular check -ups Conservative or prosthodontic treatment
Slide 24-

Molar and incisor hypoplasia (MIH) Anomaly of enamel matrix development Symmetric anomaly of teeth developing at the same time ( first molar-first incisor) Molars: yellowish colour, irregular shape, underdeveloped cusps, no visible enamel right after eruption Incisors : brownish –yellowish inciso-labial surface lack of enamel
Slide 25-

Molar and incisor hypoplasia (MIH) Definitive cause: unknown Possible causes: malnutrition Celiac disease Neonatal hypoxia, Acute absorption disorders, urinary infections, asthma bronchiale, otitis media, scarlate fever ,parotitis, chemotherapy, antibiotics
Slide 26-

Molar and incisor hypoplasia (MIH) Therapy: Temporary – glass ionomer or compomer build-up Definitive – prosthodontic therapy
Slide 27-

Neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia Bilirubin biliverdin  subsides in the enamel /dentin of developing primary teeth Greenish-greyish teeth Can be lighter in time
Slide 28-

Erythroblastosis foetalis Rh factor incompatibility in new-borns  haemolysis  haemosiderindentinbrownish/bluish/greenish discolouration
Slide 29-

Porphyria Hereditary disorder of haemoglobin metabolism Primary and permanent teeth Redish –brownish tooth discolouration that turns violet for ultraviolet light
Slide 30-

Amelogenesis imperfecta Hereditary disease Disorder of enamel formation Normal dentin structure 3 types: Hypoplastic type Hypocalcification type Hypomatured type
Slide 31-

Amelogenesis imperfecta Hypoplastic type Disorder of organic matrix formation of the enamel Enamel is thin , discoloured, fast abrasion ,pits on the surface Small amount of enamel no contact points
Slide 32-

Amelogenesis imperfecta Hypocalcification type Thickness of the enamel: normal or thinner Fragile, soft Discolouration: opaque-yellow-brown Disorder of crystallization of the organic matrix of the enamel
Slide 33-

Amelogenesis imperfecta Hypomatured type Disorder of maturation of the crystallized enamel matrix Fragile , removable enamel Tooth colour: white, yellow, brown
Slide 34-

Amelogenesis imperfecta Enamel disorder higher risk for caries Higher sensitivity for heat and cold Therapy: improving oral hygiene preventive treatments conservative/prosthodontic treatment
Slide 35-

Dentinogenesis imperfecta Hereditary developmental disturbance of dentin Poor quality dentindiscoloured teeth, enamel breaks easily Dentin not covered with enamelabrasion, caries In primary dentition - more frequent Teeth are redish-brownish-bluish 3 types
Slide 36-

Dentinogenesis imperfecta I. type – accompanied by osteogenesis imperfecta, the pulp chamber is smaller than normal II. type – no bone defect, only the dentin is involved, pulp chamber is smaller than normal III. (Brandywine) type – most severe , pulp chamber is big, can be reached easily, short roots, round apex
Slide 37-

Dentinogenesis imperfecta Father’s teeth B Neeti. Dentinogenesis Imperfecta – “A Hereditary Developmental Disturbance of Dentin”. The Internet Journal of Pediatrics and Neonatology. 2010 Volume 13 Number 1.
Slide 38-

Dentinogenesis imperfecta Son’s teeth B Neeti. Dentinogenesis Imperfecta – “A Hereditary Developmental Disturbance of Dentin”. The Internet Journal of Pediatrics and Neonatology. 2010 Volume 13 Number 1.
Slide 39-

Dentinogenesis imperfecta Therapy: Main problem: abrasion, caries functional and esthetic issues conservative or prosthodontic treatment
Slide 40-

Thalassaemia Hereditary (autosomal ,recessive) haemolytic anaemia Bluish –brownish-greenish discolouration
Slide 41-

Internal (intrinsic) discolourations Developed after eruption Necrosis (gangraena) Traumatic injuries caused discolouration Pulp resorption Internal granuloma Chemicals caused discolouration
Slide 42-

Necrosis (gangraena) Necrotized pulp tissue degeneration discolouration Therapy: RCT, bleaching / extraction
Slide 43-

Discolouration caused by trauma Traumableeding in the pulp chamberpink discolouration can heal spontaneously More severe cases necrosis greyish/brownish
Slide 44-

Discolouration caused by trauma Therapy: RCT, bleaching
Slide 45-

Internal resorption of the pulp Trauma secondary, tertiary dentinogenesis in the pulp chamber Pulp chamber obstruction Yellowish/ivory discolouration Vitality kept Therapy: primary teeth – no need for therapy, permanent teeth – bleaching (age!)
Slide 46-

Internal granuloma Traumadislocated toothinternal granuloma Chronic inflammation of the pulp tissues widening in a circle within the pulp chamber Violet-pink discolouration Spontaneous crown fracture
Slide 47-

Internal discolourations caused by chemicals Dental materials E.g.: amalgam, N2, Endomethason, AH, iodoform-based sealer, Ledermix Therapy: Primary– no treatment Permanent- bleaching (age!)
Slide 48-

Thank you for your attention!!! 