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Dental Anesthesia PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "Dental Anesthesia”.

This medical PowerPoint presentation is about dental anesthesia, the use of medications to numb the mouth, gums, teeth, and surrounding tissues before dental procedures. There are different types of dental anesthesia, including local anesthesia, sedation, and general anesthesia, and the choice of anesthesia depends on the type and complexity of the dental procedure, as well as the patients medical history and anxiety level.

Local anesthesia involves the injection of medication, such as lidocaine or novocaine, into the area around the tooth or teeth being treated. This type of anesthesia typically wears off within a few hours and allows the patient to remain conscious and alert during the procedure.

Sedation involves the use of medication to help patients relax and reduce anxiety during a dental procedure. This can be achieved through oral medications, inhalation of nitrous oxide (also known as laughing gas), or intravenous (IV) medications. Sedation can range from mild to moderate, and the patient may feel drowsy or even fall asleep during the procedure.

General anesthesia is used for more complex procedures, such as oral surgery or wisdom teeth extraction. It involves the use of medication to induce a state of unconsciousness, and the patient is not aware of the procedure taking place. General anesthesia is typically administered by an anesthesiologist or oral surgeon in a hospital or surgical center setting.

Its important to note that any form of dental anesthesia carries risks, and patients should discuss the risks and benefits of each type of anesthesia with their dentist or oral surgeon before undergoing a procedure. Additionally, patients should disclose their full medical history and any medications they are taking to their dental provider to ensure the safest and most effective form of anesthesia is used.

Tags : Dental Anesthesia, local anesthesia, sedation, general anesthesia, oral medications, inhalation of nitrous oxide, Dentistry, dental medicine, oral medicine, dental medicine PowerPoint presentation

Published on : Jun 20, 2023 | Views : 2653 | Downloads : 3

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Slide 1-

DENTAL ANESTHESIACOMPLICATIONS IN THE DENTAL CHAIR
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Dental Anesthesia Out-Patient anesthesia (Dental Chair Anesthesia) Day-Case anesthesia In-Patient anesthesia Complete Dental rehabilitation Complicated oral surgery procedures Major Maxillofacial surgeries In addition, Sedation Techniques
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Out-Patient Dental Anesthesia Dental Chair Anesthesia Out-Patient dental extraction Children (4-10 years): high incidence of URTI Steadily decreased
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Out-patient Dental AnesthesiaPatient Selection (&Indications) ASA grade I&II Disability (mental& physical) Review: coexisting disease current medications Fearful adults rather sedation Procedure short not so extensive
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Out-Patient Dental AnesthesiaContraindications Serious cardiopulmonary diseases COPD Diabetes or other endocrinological diseases Neuromuscular disorders Coagulopathies & Hemoglobinopathies Marked oro-facial swelling (edema& trismus) Potential difficult airways Marked congenital heart defects Extreme obesity Drugs: MAOIs , Anticoagulant Not fasting
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Out-Patient Dental AnesthesiaEquipment (Up to the standards of in-patient GA) Dental Chair Anesthetic equipment Monitoring Resuscitation equipment
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Dental Chair Adjustable: horizontal (supine) Head down Manual release Adjustable head rest Hospital out-patient:operating table
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Anesthesia Equipment Continuous flow anesthesia machine Quantiflex (Relative Analgesia) Mouth props, packs, gags, nasopharyngeal airway, rubber dam Separate suction unit Scavenging system
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Quantiflex Machine Nasal Mask Rubber Dam
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Monitoring Pulse ECG NIBP Pulse Oximetry Capnography
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Resuscitation Equipment Full range of tracheal tubes& accessories Two working laryngoscope IV agents: Succinylcholine& atropine Emergency drugs Defibrillator Training: B&ALS
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Out-Patient Dental AnesthesiaInduction Inhalational (mask) induction N2O/O2 (>30%) + Halothane (3%) common, smooth Enflurane (>3%) less potent Isoflurane Respiratory irritation Sevoflurane New, smooth, less potent
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Out-Patient Dental AnesthesiaInduction Intravenous Induction Advantages Avoidance of face mask Less salivation Less atmospheric pollution Disadvantages CV depression Drugs Methohexitone Low incidence of nausea &vomiting Good recovery Pain on injection, involuntary movements, hiccups & respiratory depression Propofol
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Out-Patient Dental AnesthesiaMaintenance Inhalational agents/N2O Nasal mask, mouth gag, pack Maintain airway Posture (Supine Position) Less hypotension less bradycardia However high risk of aspiration Airway obstruction& Decrease ERV
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Out-Patient Dental AnesthesiaRecovery Left lateral position 100% O2 Suction Observation & monitoring Discharge criteria Instructions Analgesia (NSAIDs)
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Out-Patient Dental AnesthesiaComplications Respiratory Complications Airway Obstruction (Tongue, Adenoid, Pack,debris…} Respiratory arrest Laryngeal spasm Pulmonary aspiration
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Out-Patient Dental AnesthesiaComplications Cardiovascular Complications Hypotension Induction of anesthesia Carotid sinus compression Bradycardia Tooth extraction Halothane(nodal rhythm)
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Out-Patient Dental AnesthesiaComplications Dysrhythmias (Tachy-arrhythmias) Aetiology (Tooth extraction) - High preoperative catecholamines - Light anesthesia - Airway obstruction & hypoxia - Halothane & local anesthesia - Local anesthesia with vasopressor Significance - Controversial - Significant with unexpected cardiac disease(viral myocarditis)
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Out-Patient Dental AnesthesiaComplications Allergic Reaction Incidence - Very rare - More commonly (vaso-vagal,Toxic reaction, epinephrine) Aetiology - Ig E-mediated reaction - Easter-linked: p-amino benzoic acid - Amide-linked: preservatives (Paraben)
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Out-Patient Dental AnesthesiaComplications Allergic Reaction Manifestations - Hypotension, tachycardia, arrhythmias - Bronchospasm,cough, dyspnea, pulmonary oedema, laryngeal oedema, hypoxia - Urticaria, facial oedema, pruritus
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Out-Patient Dental AnesthesiaComplications Allergic Reaction Management - Discontinue drug - 100% O2 - Epinephrine (0.01-0.5 mg IV or IM) - Intubation - IV fluids (LRS 1-2 liters) - Diphenhydramine - Hydrocortisone (up to 200mg IV)
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Out-Patient Dental AnesthesiaComplications Fainting Causes Previous factors (CV, allergic,..) Emotional factors (more common) Aetiology limbic cortex-hypothalamus-reflex vasodilatation Increase parasympathetic activity-bradycardia Management Head down-leg elevated 100% O2 Cessation of anesthesia
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Out-Patient Dental AnesthesiaComplications Miscellaneous Nasal trauma, epistaxis Diffusion hypoxia Continued bleeding Postoperative Sore throat Nausea & vomiting Pain & swelling
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THANK YOU