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Cognitive Therapy For Depression PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "Cognitive Therapy for Depression” by Monica Ramirez Basco, PhD.

This medical PowerPoint presentation is about cognitive therapy for depression, a type of psychological therapy that focuses on identifying and changing negative thought patterns that contribute to depression. The therapy is based on the theory that negative thoughts can lead to negative emotions and behaviors, and that changing these negative thoughts can help individuals feel better and improve their mood.

In cognitive therapy for depression, the therapist works with the individual to identify and challenge negative thoughts and beliefs that contribute to their depression. This may involve exploring the individuals beliefs about themselves, others, and the world around them, and looking for evidence to support or contradict these beliefs.

The therapist may also teach the individual new ways of thinking about situations that are more realistic and positive. This may involve identifying and focusing on positive aspects of a situation, or developing more realistic expectations and goals.

In addition to changing negative thought patterns, cognitive therapy for depression may also involve developing new coping skills and behaviors. This may include relaxation techniques, problem-solving skills, and social skills training.

Research has shown that cognitive therapy for depression can be an effective treatment for depression, with results that are comparable to medication in many cases. It may be used alone or in combination with medication, depending on the individuals needs and preferences.

Tags : Cognitive Therapy for Depression, psychological therapy, Neurology, Neurology PowerPoint presentation

Published on : Jun 20, 2023 | Views : 1450 | Downloads : 1

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Slide 1-

Cognitive Therapy for Depression Monica Ramirez Basco, Ph.D. Clinical Psychologist Clinical Associate Professor The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas
Slide 2-

Background and Overview
Slide 3-

Overview of Depression
Slide 4-

Types of Depression Unipolar Major Depression Bipolar Depression Dysthymic Disorder Chronic Depression Atypical Depression Depression due to medical conditions Depression due to substance abuse
Slide 5-

Major Depression Mood - sad, dysphoric, irritable, anxious mood Cognitions - negative outlook and attitude Physical symptoms – sleep, appetite, energy Behavior – procrastination, inactivity, avoidance Most common type of depression
Slide 6-

Bipolar Depression Looks like Major Depression At least one manic episode in lifetime Antidepressant medications can cause mania Mood stabilizing medications are indicated
Slide 7-

Dysthymic Disorder Less severe than major depression Usually chronic, early onset Double depression When major depression remits, dysthymia often continues
Slide 8-

Chronic Depression Major Depression that is long lasting Minimum of two years duration Difficult to treat Characterological problems are present Depression is familiar and comfortable
Slide 9-

Atypical Depression Reactive Mood Reverse vegetative symptoms Rejection sensitivity Confused for a personality disorder
Slide 10-

Depression due to Medical Conditions Thyroid dysfunction Cancer Poorly controlled Diabetes Chemotherapy Endocrine problems
Slide 11-

Depression due to Substance Abuse Alcohol abuse and dependence Drug abuse – e.g., cocaine use Depression started when drug and alcohol use started When sober, symptoms are less severe Which came first? Self-medication?
Slide 12-

Introduction to Patients Depression changes the way you Think Act Feel
Slide 13-

When people are depressed they… Think negatively about Themselves their future other people the world in general Their negative thoughts are often distorted
Slide 14-

When people are depressed they… Jump to conclusions Blow things out of proportion Ignore positive aspects of their lives Focus on the negative Think in extremes
Slide 15-

When people are depressed they… Act in counter-productive ways. Cope poorly with their problems Procrastinate Avoid people Self-medicate with alcohol, drugs, food, shopping
Slide 16-

When people are depressed they… Feel sad, blue, hopeless, empty Feel irritable, angry, frustrated Feel anxious, fearful, tense, nervous Are easily overwhelmed Experience a mix of emotions
Slide 17-

Goals of Cognitive Therapy Correct cognitive distortions. Reduce emotional distress. Cope with problems effectively.
Slide 18-

What is Cognitive-Therapy?
Slide 19-

CognitiveTherapy is… A short-term skills oriented therapy In each session you will learn new coping skills Correct negative thinking Control emotions Cope better with problems Take control of your life
Slide 20-

Cognitive Therapy Set goals the patient wants to achieve Keep track of progress toward those goals Make a plan at the beginning of each session for how time should be used Learn new skills Practice skills between sessions
Slide 21-

Structure All therapy sessions have structure Update of patient’s status Discussion of problems Solutions planned Closure Plan to meet again
Slide 22-

Structure of CBT Brief update and Mood check Review previous session Set the Agenda Review homework
Slide 23-

Structure of CBT Discuss the issues on the agenda Teach skills Create homework along the way Summarize and feedback
Slide 24-

What CT can do and what it cannot do
Slide 25-

How it differs and is similar to other therapeutic models
Slide 26-

Why choose CT for your patient population
Slide 27-

How CT is learned
Slide 28-

Good CT begins with good therapy
Slide 29-

Basic Principles of Cognitive-Behavior Therapy
Slide 30-

The Cognitive Model Thoughts Feelings Actions EVENT
Slide 31-

The Cognitive Model Thoughts Feelings Actions EVENT Faulty Information Processing Emotions Gut-level Instincts Physical Symptoms Faulty Coping Strategies
Slide 32-

The Cognitive Model of Depression Thoughts Feelings Actions Sadness Anxiety Irritability Self-criticism Hopelessness Inactivity Poor coping
Slide 33-

The Cognitive Model of OCD Thoughts Feelings Actions Fear Anxiety Obsession Worry Ritual or Avoidance
Slide 34-

The Cognitive Model of Social Phobia Thoughts Feelings Actions Fear Embarrassment Mind-Reading Catastrophizing Avoidance
Slide 35-

The Cognitive Model Thoughts Feelings Actions EVENT
Slide 36-

Automatic Thoughts Occur rapidly in response to a situation Are not subjected to systematic, logical analysis A person may be unaware of their presence or significance
Slide 37-

Faulty Information Processing Distortion of available information Guessing at missing information Ignoring available information Categorical or absolutistic thinking
Slide 38-

Cognitive Errors Misperceptions Magnification minimization
Slide 39-

Cognitive Errors Catastrophizing Jumping to Conclusions Mind Reading Emotional Reasoning Making Guesses
Slide 40-

Disqualifying the Positive Mental Filter Tunnel Vision Cognitive Errors
Slide 41-

Absolutes Right or Wrong Shoulds or Shouldn’ts All or nothing and White Black
Slide 42-

Thoughts Feelings Actions EVENT Schemas Faulty Information Processing
Slide 43-

Schemas Rules Attitudes Core Beliefs Identity, values, and meaning May be positive or negative May be adaptive or maladaptive
Slide 44-

Factors that Influence Schema Development Parental teaching or modeling Trauma Culture Societal norms Learning experiences Mental illness
Slide 45-

The Cognitive Model Thoughts Feelings Actions
Slide 46-

Capturing Automatic Thoughts How to capture automatic thoughts Verbal thoughts vs. imagery Thought diaries: uses, formats, and exercise
Slide 47-

Focus on one Automatic Thought Pick a thought that helps you demonstrate the intervention Ask the patient to choose the thought from the thought record that is the most upsetting Select the thought associated with the most intense emotions
Slide 48-

Hot Cognitions
Slide 49-

Logical Analysis of Automatic Thoughts Generate evidence that supports the automatic thought Generate evidence against the automatic thought such as Events Experiences Input from others What your logic tells you
Slide 50-

Review the Evidence Have the person read aloud the evidence in both columns Ask what they think about the evidence listed Remind them that it is not about which column has the most items. It is about which evidence is the most convincing. Ask how strongly they still believe the original negative automatic thought
Slide 51-

Drawing a Conclusion Did the intensity of belief in the negative automatic thought change? Did the emotion associated with the thought change? In which direction? What piece of evidence was most convincing?
Slide 52-

Conclusions If the automatic thought is false: Change it If the automatic thought is true: Go to Problem Solving If the conclusion is unclear: Set up an experiment to test the thought
Slide 53-

Coping Cards Reminders of conclusions Reminder of procedure Affirming statements Troubleshooting
Slide 54-

Conducting Experiments Determine what is to be tested Find opportunities for testing thoughts Make a plan Test predictions Reevaluate automatic thought Draw conclusions
Slide 55-

Generating Alternative Explanations What else could explain the person’s experience? What is another way of looking at the situation? If you were not so depressed, what might you say about the situation?
Slide 56-

Gaining Distance What would someone else say in this same situation? A friend? A family member? What would you say to a friend who was in this same situation? Could this alternative view apply to you?
Slide 57-

Tic Toc TIC: Task Interfering Cognitions Thoughts that get in the way of progress. Discouraging thoughts Thoughts that arouse more emotion TOC: Task Orienting Cognitions Thoughts that motivate Thoughts that encourage action Thoughts that reduce emotions
Slide 58-

Socratic Questioning In response to negative automatic thoughts: Help me understand why you feel this way. Tell me more about that thought. What makes you think that? Are you certain about that? How do you figure? Where did you get that idea?
Slide 59-

End of Day 1
Slide 60-

Recap from previous day Q and A Thought records homework Coping Cards Hot Cognitions
Slide 61-

Thought Stopping for Obsessive and Intrusive Thoughts Recognition Breathing Stop image Switch imagery Repeat if needed
Slide 62-

Coping with hopelessness and suicidality Reasons to Live Reasons to Have Hope Distraction Behavioral Plan Finding Meaning in Life
Slide 63-

Decatastrophizing Anxious Thoughts Recognition Probability of occurrence Evaluate the evidence Efforts to reduce risk Ways to cope
Slide 64-

Thoughts about trauma Cognitive Triad Evaluating Meaning Issues of Prevention Coping
Slide 65-

Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages of Change Disadvantages of Change Advantages of not Changing Disadvantages of not Changing Patterns Decreasing – and Increasing +
Slide 66-

Advantages and Disadvantages Decision making Overcoming depression
Slide 67-

Schema Work
Slide 68-

Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages of keeping schema Disadvantages of keeping schema Advantages of changing schema Disadvantages of changing schema Patterns Decreasing – and Increasing +
Slide 69-

Getting the Big Picture Historical Analysis of Evidence That was then, this is now How I have changed How I have not changed Circumstances
Slide 70-

Momma said… Considering the possibility that parents were wrong Messages received reflected parents’ issues Context – under what circumstances? Do they still apply?
Slide 71-

More Socratic Questions Tell me about that What makes you think that? How to you understand that? Where did you get that idea? Is that really true? Do you really believe that? What do others say?
Slide 72-

End of Day 2
Slide 73-

Recap from previous day Q and A Schemas about doing Cognitive Therapy Review of Intervention grid
Slide 74-

The Cognitive Model Thoughts Feelings Actions
Slide 75-

Behavioral Activation When setting goals for treatment select one behavior or activity that can be easily accomplished What action would you like to see yourself take during the next week? If you accomplish this how would it make you feel about yourself? Specify how, when, and where the action will take place. Troubleshoot.
Slide 76-

Mastery and Pleasure Activity Monitoring Measure M and P (0-7 scale) Prescribe increased M and P Assess outcome
Slide 77-

Graded Task Assignment Identify a large task Break into smaller subtasks Assign one step at a time Add positive reinforcement for completion
Slide 78-

A list and B list Limits activities A list: 1-2 items that are urgent B list: 1-2 items that would like to get to Finish A list items before starting B Plan ahead Carry over to the next day
Slide 79-

Compliance model Everyone is capable of compliance Obstacles can interfere Identify the obstacle and remove or prevent it
Slide 80-

Obstacles to Compliance Intrapersonal Interpersonal Social System Treatment Cognitions
Slide 81-

Problem-solving to increase compliance How can the obstacle be reduced? What can you do once the obstacle occurs? Generate ideas Pick one or two Test their effectiveness Modify the plan
Slide 82-

Homework Compliance Picture when and where you would do your homework How will you remember to do it? Where will you keep your materials? What could keep you from doing your homework? How can those obstacles be avoided?
Slide 83-

UCS (trauma) lead to UCR (fear)Rape causes pain and fear
Slide 84-

UCS becomes associated with CS Perpetrator was a man Rape associated with all menMen are the new CS
Slide 85-

CS elicits CR (fear)All men elicit fear
Slide 86-

Goal of Treatment is to “unpair” the CS and the CRNot all men cause fear
Slide 87-

Reciprocal InhibitionYou cannot feel relaxed and fearful at the same time
Slide 88-

Reciprocal Inhibition Teach Relaxation Exercise Teach methods to control negative thoughts Teach decatastrophizing methods Create a hierarchy Start with the easiest item and work through the hierarchy Systematic exposure with relaxation response and cognitive methods
Slide 89-

Negative Reinforcement Behaviors that stop a noxious stimulus Avoidance Giving in Giving up Distracting through internet, TV
Slide 90-

Avoidance in Depression Negative Reinforcement Paradigm ________________________________ Avoidance Anxiety Reduced Stress about completing a task
Slide 91-

CBT Model of OCD Negative Reinforcement Paradigm ________________________________ Ritual Anxiety Reduced & Obsession Stops Obsession
Slide 92-

Avoidance Response in PTSD Negative Reinforcement Paradigm ________________________________ Avoidance Anxiety Reduced Fear
Slide 93-

Social Phobia Avoidance Social Contact Catastrophizing Anxiety Reduced Self-Criticism reinforces low-confidence Anxiety
Slide 94-

Punishment Anything that makes the behavior less likely to occur Humiliation in social situations Stress when trying to do a task Feeling overwhelmed Panic attacks in stressful situations Flashback and nightmares in PTSD
Slide 95-

Operant Learning in Substance Abuse Stimulus (Alcohol) elicits Response (euphoria, decreased anxiety) Response is positively reinforcing Avoidance of Pain with Alcohol is negatively reinforcing Change reinforcement contingency Add alternate S to get the R
Slide 96-

Breaking the Cycle in Depression Avoidance Anxiety Reduced Stress about completing a task
Slide 97-

Breaking the Cycle in Depression Take Action Anxiety Reduced Stress about completing a task
Slide 98-

Breaking the Cycle in OCD Negative Reinforcement Paradigm ________________________________ Ritual Anxiety Reduced & Obsession Stops Obsession
Slide 99-

Breaking the Cycle of Anxiety in OCD ________________________________ Relaxation Response & Thought Stopping Anxiety Reduced & Obsession Stops Obsession
Slide 100-

Breaking the Cycle in PTSD ________________________________ Avoidance Anxiety Reduced Fear
Slide 101-

Breaking the Connection Exposure + Coping Anxiety Reduced Fear ________________________________
Slide 102-

Graded Exposure Develop a hierarchy Arrange least to most difficult Develop relaxation method Develop cognitive restructuring Assign first item Get feedback
Slide 103-

Coping Behaviors Identify faulty coping actions Examine their advantages and disadvantages Develop new coping behaviors Practice Evaluate the outcome Positive reinforcement for better coping
Slide 104-

Rumination Make a list of things to do, to worry about, problems, events Relax Cross off the list anything that you cannot do anything about, cannot control Cross off things that are not urgent Make a plan for tomorrow
Slide 105-

The Cognitive Model Thoughts Feelings Actions
Slide 106-

Factors that Influence Emotions Temperament Role Models Learning Experiences Mental Illness Pain and other general health problems
Slide 107-

Controlled Breathing Focused Breathing Technique Progressive Muscle Relaxation Imagery Relaxation Training
Slide 108-

End of Day 3
Slide 109-

Recap from previous day Q and A Procrastination and other roadblocks to achieving goals
Slide 110-

Protocol for Depression a. Setting the Agenda b. Assessment and Rapport Building c. Setting Goals for treatment d. Skills Training e. Problem-Solving
Slide 111-

Structure of First Session a. Establishing Rapport b. Socializing patient to cognitive therapy c. Education about Depression
Slide 112-

Structure of First Session(continued) d. Eliciting patients’ thoughts about therapy 1. Prior experiences with therapy 2. How they would like this to be different e. Patient History f. Begin to develop a goal list
Slide 113-

Structure of additional sessions a. Brief update and Mood check b. Elicit thoughts about the previous session c. Set the Agenda d. Review homework
Slide 114-

Structure of additional sessions(continued) e. Discuss the issues on the agenda 1. Current problem from goal list 2. Mood shifts since last visit 3. Anticipated stressful events 4. Create homework along the way 5. Summarize each item before going to the next.
Slide 115-

Structure of additional sessions (continued)f. Final summary and ask for feedback on the session
Slide 116-

Managing Time
Slide 117-

Challenges to structure in therapy
Slide 118-

What to do when you get lost in session
Slide 119-

Finish what you start
Slide 120-

The “right” intervention for a problem
Slide 121-

Opportunities to teach a skill vs. getting to the heart of the matter
Slide 122-

How to make use of the patient’s strengths
Slide 123-

Schemas about doing CBT
Slide 124-

End of Day 4