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Clinical Approach to Neonatal Jaundice PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical titled "Clinical Approach to Neonatal Jaundice” by Dr. Siddeeg Addow.

This medical is about neonatal jaundice, also known as neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Neonatal jaundice is a common condition that affects newborn infants. It occurs due to an excess of bilirubin, a yellow pigment that is produced during the breakdown of red blood cells. While mild jaundice is a normal occurrence in newborns, severe cases may require medical attention.

This presentation gives a clinical approach to neonatal jaundice.

Tags : Neonatal Jaundice, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, bilirubin, red blood cells, Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine

Published on : Jun 01, 2023 | Views : 929 | Downloads : 13

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Slide 1-

Dr. Siddeeg Addow Pediatric Resident Khartoum, Sudan Clinical Approach to Neonatal Jaundice
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CONTENTS: INTRODUCTION PATHOPHYSIOLOGY DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS HISTORY EXAMINATION INVESTIGATION
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INTRODUCTION Bilirubin is the end product of heme degradation Most of the daily production comes from the breakdown of RBCs in the RES Heme biliverdin bilirubin Bilirubin is released & bound to serum albumin Bilirubin is uptake & conjugated with glucuronic acid Finally conjugated bilirubin is excreted in bile
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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY UNCONJUGATED B. CONJUGATED B. Tightly compounded to s. albumin Normally very small amount is present as albumin free Insoluble in water can not be excreted in urine Toxic Non toxic Water soluble Loosely bound to albumin. Delta fraction
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Both conjugated & unconjugated bilirubin may accumulate systemically & deposit in tissues Normally s. bilirubin level vary b/w 0.3 & 1.2mg/dl. The rate of systemic bilirubin production is = to the rate of hepatic uptake, conjugation & biliray excretion . Jaundice becomes evident when the s.bilirubin levels rise above 2.0 to 2.5mg/dl
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Levels as high as 30 to 40mg/dl can occur with sever disease Jaundice occurs when the = b/w bilirubin production &clearance is disturbed by one or more of the following mechanisms: Excessive production of bilirubin Reduced hepatic uptake Impaired conjugation Decreased hepatocellular excretion Impaired bile flow
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CAUSES OF JAUNDICE
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Excessive production of bilirubin hemolytic anemia's resorption of blood from internal hemor. ineffective erythropoiesis
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Reduced hepatic uptake: drugs some cases of Gilbert syndrome
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Impaired bilirubin conjugation: physiologic jaundice breast milk jaundice genetic deficiency of glcuronosyl transferase decreased expression of glcuronosyl transferase diffuse hepatocellular diseases
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Decrease excretion of conjugated bilirubin: deficiency in canalicular membrane transport drug induced canalicular membrane dysfunction hepatocelluler damage or toxicity
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Decreased intrahepatic bile flow : inflammatory destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts
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Extra hepatic biliary obstruction: gall stone obstruction of biliary tree extra hepatic biliary atresia biliary stricture & choledochal cyst primary sclerosing cholangitis liver fluke infestation carcinoma
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HISTORY onset / duration pain nausea & vomiting loss of weight itching color of stool color of urine past history ttt &family history
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EXAMINATION color of skin severity of jaundice anemia liver spleen gall bladder ascites
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INVESIGATION CBC LFT Prothrombin time Alfa feto proteins UG SG U/S ERCP & PTC Liver biopsy
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The End