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Cardiac Medications PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical PowerPoint presentation titled "CARDIAC MEDICATIONS".

This medical PowerPoint presentation is about the several different types of cardiac medications, each with their own specific functions and indications.

Tags : cardiac medications, ACE inhibitors, Beta blockers, Calcium channel blockers, Diuretics, Antiplatelet agents, Anticoagulants, Statins, pharmaceuticals, pharmaceuticals PowerPoint presentations

Published on : Jun 23, 2023 | Views : 1882 | Downloads : 1

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Slide 1-

CARDIAC MEDICATIONS
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Cardiac Output (CO) CO is the product of heart rate (HR) & stroke volume (SV) SV is the amount of blood ejected from the ventricles with each beat – average is approx 70mls SV is affected by preload, contractility & after load
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Preload the stretch of the ventricle at the end of diastole the amount of stretch decides the amount of blood ejected volume administration is used to increase preload ventricular myocardium responds by contracting more forcefully care must be taken not to overstretch the myocardium
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Contractility the force of the myocardial contraction for a given preload the ability of the ventricles to increase stroke volume affected by electrolytes Na+, K+, Mg, Ca2+, Ph, +ve & -ve inotropes preload & after load affected by oxygenation, areas of damage & disease & ischaemic
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After load the resistance of the arteries against ejection increasing after load reduces stroke volume increases cardiac workload a reduction in after load will reduce preload with dilated vessels
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Reasons for using cardiac medications Angina Hypertension Arrhythmias Cardiac failure Fluid retention leading to cardiac conditions
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Medication Groups BETA BLOCKERS - action on the sinus node - if conduction is blocked then HR is decreased leading to a fall in BP - more reserve to increase HR without angina on exertion - caution in asthma and COPD as affects all smooth muscle - used for relief from angina, HT, arrhythmia
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Medication Groups cont’d CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS action on Ca2+ transfer in cell function affecting muscle contraction if blocked, contraction slows & strengthens Nifedipine/Felodipine acts on blood vessels Verapamil/Diltiazem acts on the heart muscle - used for relief from angina, HT, arrhythmia
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Medication Groups cont’d NITRATES - action has direct effect on veins - dilates veins so less blood is returning to the heart, therefore, the heart does not have to pump so hard and fast (systole) - resting phase is longer hence allowing more blood and O2 to the myocardium (diastole) - used for relief from angina, HT & cardiac failure
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Medication Groups cont’d ACE INHIBITORS [Angiotensin Converting Enzyme] - action affects both the heart and kidneys - kidneys detect changes in BP, releasing renin when BP is low - renin stimulates angiotension I leading to the development of angiotension II leading to vasoconstriction - vasoconstriction affects kidney function, hence lowered diuresis, conserving fluids - ACE inhibitors block the cycle - dilation lowers preload, lowers afterload & increases diuresis - used for relief from HT & cardiac failure
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Medication Groups cont’d DIURETICS - action is directly on the kidney - Thiazides work by inhibiting the re-absorption of Na & Cl in the distal convoluted tubule - Loop diuretics inhibit Na & Cl absorption in the ascending loop of Henley - K+ sparing diuretics act on the collecting tubule - used for relief from HT & cardiac failure
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Medication Groups cont’d DIGOXIN -action is to inhibit Na/K exchange across the cell membrane - this augments the Ca influx leading to delayed, stronger contraction - consider electrolytes as low K enhances digoxin action and increased K decreases digoxin effects - belongs to the Glycoside family - promote nocte administration
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Medication Groups cont’d SUMMARY - usually cardiac medications work in combination - withholding 1 medication may interrupt the ‘combination action’ - symptomatic patients must be assessed by medical staff to address the cause - if apex < 60bpm or BP low & patient is asymptomatic, continue medications, report to medical staff
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Nursing actions Learn the cardiac medication groups Record apical beats & document in medication chart Consider ‘combination effects’ – avoid with-holding medications Evaluate patient symptoms – medical review if required Consider patient monitoring – P [apex beat], RR, BP, SaO2, fluid intake/output, weight Consider modifying activity i.e. patient position change, escort
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Nursing actions cont’d Teach other staff i.e. HCA - FBC, accurate weighing, patient position change, escorting Consider medication options if NBM or pre-operatively Communication with team Documentation – include updated nursing care plan & risk assessments Accurate handover considering risks
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Nursing actions cont’d Educate Patient/Family/Caregivers/Whanau Medication actions & benefits Diet (low Na, alcohol, weight reduction) Smoking cessation Cholesterol/BP/weight monitoring Reporting of oedema, SOB, dyspnoea Exercise program Cardiac rehab/educator/dietician/case manager/support groups
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References MIMS online Pirret, A. (2005). Acute care nursing. A physiological approach to clinical assessment and patient care. Pirret: Auckland.