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Bowel Elimination PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical presentation on Constipation and Defecation Problems, which is titled "Bowel Elimination", to know about Common Factors Affecting Bowel Elimination.

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Published on : Jul 10, 2021 | Views : 2011 | Downloads : 1

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Slide 1-

Chapter 31 Bowel Elimination
Slide 2-

Defecation Defecation: the act of expelling feces from the body Peristalsis: rhythmic contractions of intestinal smooth muscle to facilitate defecation Gastrocolic reflex: increased peristaltic activity occurring during food consumption Valsalva maneuver: increasing abdominal muscle pressure to facilitate defecation
Slide 3-

Question Is the following statement true or false? For defecation to take place, all structures of the abdominal tract must function in a coordinated manner.
Slide 4-

Answer False. For defecation to take place, all structures of the gastrointestinal tract, especially the components of the large intestine, must function in a coordinated manner.
Slide 5-

Common Factors Affecting Bowel Elimination
Slide 6-

Assessment of Bowel Elimination Elimination patterns Stool characteristics
Slide 7-

Characteristics of Stool
Slide 8-

Testing Stool for Occult Blood
Slide 9-

Common Alterations in Bowel Elimination Constipation Primary Secondary Iatrogenic Pseudoconstipation
Slide 10-

Question Is the following statement true or false? Constipation is higher among those whose dietary habits lack adequate fiber.
Slide 11-

Answer True. Dietary fiber, which becomes undigested cellulose, is important because it attracts water within the bowel, resulting in bulkier stool that is more quickly and easily eliminated.
Slide 12-

Common Alterations in Bowel Elimination (cont’d) Fecal impaction Flatulence Diarrhea Fecal incontinence
Slide 13-

Removing Fecal Impaction
Slide 14-

Inserting a Rectal Tube (Refer to Skill 31-1 in the textbook.)
Slide 15-

Question Is the following statement true or false? Incontinence can result from neurologic changes.
Slide 16-

Answer True. Incontinence can result from neurologic changes that impair muscle activity, sensation, or thought processes.
Slide 17-

Managing Fecal Incontinence
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Measures to Promote Bowel Elimination Two physician-ordered interventions to promote elimination when not naturally occurring Insert a rectal suppository Administer an enema Cleansing enemas Tap water, normal saline Soapsuds, hypertonic saline
Slide 19-

Inserting a Rectal Suppository (Refer to Skill 31-2 in the textbook.)
Slide 20-

Administering a Cleansing Enema (Refer to Skill 31-3 in the textbook.)
Slide 21-

Administering a Hypertonic Enema Solution
Slide 22-

Measures to Promote Bowel Elimination (cont’d) Administer an enema (cont’d) Retention enemas Oil retention enema Mineral, cottonseed, or olive oil Retained at least 30 minutes Lubricate and soften stool to ease stool expulsion
Slide 23-

Ostomy Care Ileostomy: surgically created opening to the ileum Colostomy: surgically created opening to the colon Providing peristomal care Applying an ostomy appliance Draining a continent ileostomy Irrigating a colostomy
Slide 24-

Question Which type of constipation occurs as a consequence of other medical treatment? a. Iatrogenic constipation b. Secondary constipation c. Pseudoconstipation d. Primary constipation
Slide 25-

Answer a. Iatrogenic constipation Prolonged use of narcotic analgesia for example, tends to cause constipation. These and other drugs slow peristalsis, delaying transit time. The longer the stool remains in the colon, the drier it becomes, making it more difficult to pass.
Slide 26-

An Ostomy Appliance
Slide 27-

Changing an Ostomy Appliance (Refer to Skill 31-4 in the textbook.)
Slide 28-

Draining a Continent Ileostomy
Slide 29-

Irrigating a Colostomy (Refer to Skill 31-5 in the textbook.)
Slide 30-

Nursing Implications Potential nursing diagnoses: Constipation, risk for constipation, perceived constipation Diarrhea, bowel incontinence Toileting self-care deficit Situational low self-esteem
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General Gerontologic Considerations Age-related changes predispose older adults to constipation, as do medication effects, diminished physical activity, and inadequate fluid and fiber intake Older adults likely to implement home remedies to promote bowel elimination Educate older adults about risk for constipation and effective bowel regimen
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General Gerontologic Considerations (cont’d) Some older adults overuse laxatives or have long-standing habit of laxative abuse; encourage use of bulk-forming products to promote effective bowel elimination Prolonged use of mineral oil to prevent/ relieve constipation interferes with absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K)
Slide 33-

General Gerontologic Considerations (cont’d) Change in bowel habits and stool characteristics can signal colorectal cancer; recommend regular endoscopic bowel exams after 50 years of age Diarrhea can quickly lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance Hemorrhoids or polyps in older adults may interfere with stool passage; gently perform digital removal of impaction, if ordered