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Blood Pressure PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical presentation on Coronary Arteries, which is titled "Blood Pressure", to know the definition of blood pressure and its variations.

Tags : Coronary Arteries, Blood Pressure, definition, variations

Published on : Jul 01, 2021 | Views : 2682 | Downloads : 8

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BLOOD PRESSURE DR RASHMI MISHRA
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OBJECTIVES At the end of this class, you should able to recollect. Definition of Blood Pressure Its variations. Measurement - Korotkoff sound Factors contributing to B.P Peripheral resistance Regulation of BP Immediate regulation Short term regulation Long term regulation. Applied - Hypertension - Hypotension Physiology of treatment.
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ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE Definition : Arterial blood pressure can be defined as the lateral pressure exerted by the moving column of blood on the walls of the arteries.
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Tuesday, February 16, 2016
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SIGNIFICANCE To ensure the blood flow To various organs. Plays an important role in exchange of nutrients and gases across the capillaries. Required to form urine. Required for the formation Of the lymph.
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Normal Values Normal Adult range Can fluctuate within a wide range and still be normal Systolic/diastolic  100/60 - 140/90
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Systolic B.P (S.B.P) Defined as the maximum pressure exerted during ventricular systole. Normal 100 to 140 mm Hg within an average of 120 mmHg. This is mainly contributed by 1. Force of heart beat 2. Normal blood volume 3. Cardiac output
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02/16/16 DIASTOLIC B.P (D.B.P) Def--- as the minimum pressure that is obtained at the end of the ventricular diastole. Normal range 60 -90 mm Hg. It represents a constant load on the arterial walls with little or no fluctuation at all. It is an index to the peripheral resistance and decides the filling of the Coronary system.
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Pulse Pressure (P.P) Denotes the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure. Pulse pressure= SBP-DBP.
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MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE It is the average pressure throughout the cardiac cycle. Mean arterial .BP = DBP + 1/3 Pulse Pressure Normal = 95 mm Hg. •Not the arithmetical mean but geometrical mean. •It is because the period of the systole is only 0.3 sec when compared to 0.5 sec of the diastole.
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ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE
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PHYSIOLOGICAL VARIATION IN BLOOD PRESSURE Age Gestation Build Climate Diurnal Variation Exercise Fever H high Altitude Infusion/ Intake Pain Posture Sleep sex
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02/16/16 RECORDING OF B.P Direct method Indirect method METHODS Indirect Methods 1. Palpatory method 2. Auscultatory method
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PRINCIPLE INVOLVED IN RECORDING BLOOD PRESSURE Slide 11.37
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Measurement Device Aneroid sphygmomanometer Simple mercury sphygmomanometer Automated bp device
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3 RECOMMENDED BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE 2. The cuff must be level with heart. If arm circumference exceeds 33 cm, a large cuff must be used. Place stethoscope diaphragm over brachial artery. 2. The cuff must be level with heart. If arm circumference exceeds 33 cm, a large cuff must be used. Place stethoscope diaphragm over brachial artery. 1. The patient should be relaxed and the arm must be supported. Ensure no tight clothing constricts the arm. 1. The patient should be relaxed and the arm must be supported. Ensure no tight clothing constricts the arm. 3. The column of mercury must be vertical. Inflate to occlude the pulse. Deflate at 2 to 3 mm/s. Measure systolic (first sound) and diastolic (disappearance) to nearest 2 mm Hg. 3. The column of mercury must be vertical . Inflate to occlude the pulse. Deflate at 2 to 3 mm/s. Measure systolic (first sound) and diastolic (disappearance) to nearest 2 mm Hg. Stethoscope Mercury machine
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110 mm Hg 120 mm Hg Tapping sound 1 SBP Banging sound 3 Muffing sound 4 DBP- 95 mm Hg 85 mm Hg Recording of arterial BP by auscultatory method Korotkoff sounds Murmurish 2 80 mm Hg No sound 5 AUSCULTATORY METHOD This method was introduced by a Russian physician Korotkoff
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FACTORS MAINTAINING BLOOD PRESSURE Cardiac output (CO= SV X PR) Circulating blood volume (This mainly affects systolic B.P) Elasticity of the vessel wall Viscosity of blood
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Viscosity is affected by 1.Cell count 2.Plasma proteins 3.Chemical composition like CO2, O2 content,PH. 4.Temperature 5.Drugs like general anaesthetics. All these factors influence peripheral resistance through viscosity
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02/16/16 Peripheral Vascular Resistance It is defined as the resistance offered to the flow of blood by the blood vessels. It is contributed by: The Smooth muscles of the arterioles in particular.
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FACTORS AFFECTING BLOOD PRESSURE Disease Environmental Age Heredity Blood Volume Weight Diet Hormones Salt Caffeine Environmental factors Psychological factors Stress/Anxiety Gravity Drugs Alcohol Time of day
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02/16/16 BLOOD PRESSURE BP = Cardiac output X PR Peripheral resistance(PR) in a normal healthy young adult is 20mm Hg/lit/mt. Peripheral vascular resistance: depends upon A) Velocity of blood D) Lumen of the vessels B) Viscosity of blood C) Elasticity of the vessels wall E)Length of the vessels F) Extra vascular compression
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Peripheral Resistance (Relative unit) When there is a difference of 1 mm Hg and a flow of 1ml/sec then it is called one PRU unit. absolute units : Dyne/sec/cm2 Pressure dyne/cm2 PR = Flow cc/sec = dyne/sec/cm2
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Central Factors Cardiac output: systolic pressure is directly proportional to cardiac output. Hear t Rate : marked alteration in heart rate effects BP by altering the cardiac output. Peripheral factors: Peripheral Resistance : Diastolic pressure is directly proportional to peripheral resistance
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Blood Volume: BP is directly proportional to volume. Venous Return: blood pressure is directly proportional to venous return. Elasticity of blood vessels: BP is inversely proportional to the elasticity of blood vessels. Flow: BP is directly proportional to Velocity of Blood the velocity of blood flow. Diameter of Blood Vessels: BP is inversely proportional to the diameter of blood vessel. Viscosity of Blood: BP is directly proportional to the viscosity of blood.
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Thank You