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Angina Pectoris PowerPoint Presentation

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Description : Check out this medical presentation on Angina, which is titled "Angina Pectoris", to know about Angina pectoris, a clinical syndrome usually characterized by episodes of pain or pressure in the anterior chest.

Tags : Angina, pectoris, Etiology, pathogenesis

Published on : May 25, 2021 | Views : 3126 | Downloads : 6

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1 Angina Pectoris Prepared by : Ansam Sharef Ahmad Aswad
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2 Angina Pectoris Definition : Angina pectoris is a clinical syndrome usually characterized by episodes of pain or pressure in the anterior chest . The cause is usually insufficient coronary blood flow which results in a decreased oxygen supply to meet an increased myocardial demand for oxygen in response to physical exertion or emotional stress.
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3 Pathophysiology Myocardial ischemia can result from: A reduction of coronary blood flow caused by fixed &\or dynamic epicardial artery stenosis. Abnormal constriction or deficient relaxation of coronary artery. Reduce O2-carrying capacity of the blood .
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5 Factors are associated with typical angina pain Physical exertion (increase myocardial o2 demand). Exposure to cold ( cause elevation of BP increase oxygen demand ) Eating heavy meals Stress or any emotion-provoking situation
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6 Type of angina Stable angina: predictable & consistent pain that occurs on exertion and relieved by rest. Unstable angina or preinfarction or cresendo angina: symptoms occur more frequently and longer than stable angina. Intractable or refractory angina: sever incapacitating chest pain.
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7 Type of angina Variant angina or prinzmetals angina : pain at rest with reversable ST-segment elevation, caused by coronary artery vasospasm. Silent ischemia: objective evidence of ischemia (as ECG changes with a test), but pt report no symptom.
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8 Risk Factors for atherosclerosis Family history of premature coronary artery disease. DM, systemic HTN. Cigarette smoking. Hypercholesterolemia. Others as obesity, increase levels of lipoprotein,fibrinogen, s.triglycerides.
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9 Clinical manifestations May produce pain vary in severity from feeling of indigestion to chocking in retrosternal area , radiate to neck , jaw shoulders , inner aspects of upper arms Feeling of weakness or numbness in the arms , wrists and the hands Shortness of breath
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10 Clinical manifestations Pallor, Diaphoresis Dizziness or lightheadedness Nausea and vomiting
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11 Diagnostic findings Often made by evaluating the clinical manifestations of ischemia and the pts history 12-Lead ECG and blood laboratory values help in making diagnosis C-reactive protein ( CRP) is a marker for inflammation of vascular endothelium which caused by CAD
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12
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13 Diagnostic findings An elevated blood level of homocysteine ,an amino acid proposed as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease , but no studies supported the relationship between elevation of homocysteine and atherosclarosis
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14 Medical management for the pt with angina pectoris
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15 The objective is to decrease oxygen demand of myocardium and to increase oxygen supply 1.Nitroglycerin : administered to reduce myocardial oxygen consumption
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16 2.Beta-adrenergic blocking agents : ( propranolol ,metoprolol , atenolol) appear to reduce myocardial oxygen consumption, result in a reduction in heart rate, decreased BP , and reduced myocardial contractility .
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17 3-Calcium channel blocking agents : some decrease sinoatrial node automaticity and node conduction ,resulting in slower heart rate
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18 4- Antiplatelet and anticoagulent medications Aspirin: prevents platelet activation and reduces the incidence of MI and death with CAD Heparin : prevents the formation of new blood clots
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19 Oxygen administration : usually initiated at the onset of chest pain to increase the amount of oxygen delivered to the myocardium and to decrease the pain.
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20 Prevention Self care action plan changing habits. Stop smoking Increase level of exercise Cut down on fatty foods Eat more oats, which decrease cholesterol
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21 Lose wt if u DR. thinks you are overweight. Make sure your BP is not high by regular check Consider another method of contraceptive if you take pill
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22 Nsg process for pt with Angina pectoris Assessment The nurse gather information about the pts symptoms and activities . The nurse may ask about the period that angina last , and if any medication relieve the angina.
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23 Diagnosis Ineffective myocardial tissue perfusion secondary to CAD as evidence by chest pain or equivalent symptoms Anxiety related to fear of death
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24 Diagnosis Noncompliance , ineffective management of therapeutic regimen related to failure to accept necessary lifestyle changes
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25 Planning and goals The major goal include immediate treatment when angina occur , preventing of angina , reduction of anxiety and absence of complications
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26 NSG interventions Treating angina : when pt experiences angina the nurse should direct pt to stop activities and sit or rest in bed in semi-fowler position Reducing anxiety : The nurse should explore and implicate that the diagnosis has for the pt providing information about the illness , treatment and methods of preventing its progression
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27 Preventing pain : when the pt has pain with minimal activity , the nurse alternates the pts activities with rest periods
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28 Evaluation expected pts outcomes may include Reports that pain is relieved promptly Reports decreased anxiety
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29 Understands ways to avoid complications and demonstrates freedom from complications Adheres to self-care program
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30 THANK YOU